Historical Perspective Essay Essay Example for Free

Historical Perspective Essay Essay The method that nurses implement nursing care is influenced by research. Nursing theorist has influence to the practice of professional nursing and research. Many of the primitive theorists has help to develop the research from the previous to the current and will continue to the future to integrate research. Research has influence the action nurses consolidate and implement nursing care and process. One of the early primary nursing was Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale opened the doors for future researchers and theorist to model professional nursing. Florence Nightingale is the mother of contemporary nursing after coming back from the frontlines of Crimean War in 1856, and she renovated the fatality rate by attending the environment ( George, 2011, chapter 3). During the Crimean War Florence Nightingale offered to help with the nursing task, where she attended and took care of an ailing and injured soldiers. Florence Nightingale would tend to the sick soldiers at all times making sure that they were taken care of getting a clean environment, ventilation, hand washing, lighting and free of noise. Her concept to nursing is the environment. Environment could be modified to progress conditions so that natural ruling could allow healing. An environment model was established to glimpse the control of the physical environment as a major constituent of care ( George, 2011). Nightingale model progress to paradigm in nursing practice and contributes on nursing care and planned rendered to patients. Nurses maintain to practice their profession without attaining that their process and objective are based on Nightingales concept. The concept of environmental control serves as a foundation for many research analysis. Nursing theories related to Nightingales Environmental Model will continue to guide research and nursing profession. With her theory and concepts the nursing profession has implemented her methods for environmental cleanliness as a guide model in nursing practice to meet the needs of the patients.

Economics Essay Example for Free

Economics Essay 1. What did Keynes think some of the chief benefits and defects of capitalism were? Keynesian theory which was developed by Keynes advocates for a mixed economy where the government and private sector are important. In Keynesian model economy is assumed to be below full employment.   Keynesian argues that the aggregate demand for good which seek to increase employment of resources in the country is the driving force of an economy.   According to Keynes, the government’s role is to reduced unemployment rate and deflation level to enhance increased output in an economy (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003). Capitalism developed by Max argues that the poor in capitalistic society are so because of exploitation by the merchants who own the means of production and distribution.   The merchants are said to exploit the poor through low wages.   Marx argued that the value of any economic good should be determined by the labor used to manufacture.   Any cost that is higher than the cost of labor represents the surplus which is the profits the capitalists realize from exploitation of their laborers.   Marx believes that all means of production should be owned by the government or should control by the government.   Marx advocated for socialist government that owns the means of production or democratic administration that control them. Economists who include Keynes deny the claims of Marx that labor is the only measure for surplus.   According to Keynes who support capitalism, employers and employees are guided by the prevailing market wages hence employers offer employment to willing workers. John Keynes believes in capitalistic economy and called on the government to stimulate it but not eliminate it.   However, Keynes site defect in capitalism where he argues that capitalism does not promote full employment, wealth and incomes which the model seeks to achieve in the long run. Keynesian ideologies have been employed by politician but both abuse of the model, inflation has resulted.   This is evident with government manipulating policies to make economic conditions favorable during election which has led to high inflation in most state.   Action by government leads to reduce real wages and real incomes which do comply with Keynes model.   Capitalism has led to segregation of the society into strata according to income and wealth owned.   Most politician use Keynes ideologies by making promises that will earn them votes.   Implementations of the promises require higher taxation which reduces income of individuals (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003). Keynesian advocate for full employment which should be accompanied buy steady controlled inflation level as an effective means of guiding the economy in he interests of capital.   Keynes argue that real wages can be allowed to fall, government expenditure on schools, hospitals and infrastructure can be reduced as anti-inflationary measures and this inflationary measure should be continued until employment level desired is achieved. According to Keynes denied that unemployment is contributed by capitalism. However Keynes argued that unemployment in capitalism is brought by inadequate demand of personal articles of consumption and productive articles of consumption.   Keynes argue that inadequate demand is as a result of the workers tending to accumulate part of their incomes through savings and the inadequate demand   for productive consumption is brought by failure of people to invest their capital profitability which would lead to increase in output and hence reduced unemployment. Keynes advocates that employment can be increased by lowering real wages through inflation introduction and decreasing rate of interest.   Increased rate of interest will encourage investment of capital which will increase aggregate demand.   The government should then expand its budget to allow mass investment. Consumptive demand can be increased through increased extravagance of the ruling class; investing in war prone areas and increased non-productive expenses by the state.   The increased non-productive expenses to attain full employment of the population will actually lead to diminished living standards of laborers. Keynes in his support for capitalism argued that the workers should not be assisted to rise above the capitalists because capitalists who consist of intellectuals are the quality of life and they carry seed of achievement.   Keynes argued against socialism where the government owns the production. Keynes in support of capitalism advocates the governments to support monopoly.   The wage freezing policy by the federal government in Middle East helped increase the profits of the monopolies while lowering the living standards of the workers. Keynes argue that inflation bring about equilibrium position I n capitalism.   In Capitalism â€Å"Boom lead to increased profits and hence increased prices.   Production expands up to overproduction point where equilibrium is achieved through â€Å"boom bursting. 2. What is the `identification problem` in using econometric analysis? Identification problem in ecometrics involves solving unique values of the parameters of the structural model from the values of the parameters of the reduced form of the model.   Reduced form of a model presents a model where endogenous variables are expressed functions of exogenous variables. For example prices in a marker are determined by supply and demand, hence must establish the demand and supply functions.   However, the equation obtained by regressing quantity on market price cannot be identified specifically as either supply or demand function.   In special cases, we use regression to get demand function.   While holding supply function constant or vice versa, but cannot obtain regression while accommodating fluctuation changes in both (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).

Leisure Activities Among Young Generation Marketing Essay

Leisure Activities Among Young Generation Marketing Essay What is mobilecasting? According to the research that because of the speed of internet, mobilecasting comes to satisfy public instead of podcasting and it is the combination of podcasting and mobile phone (Marriott, 2006). More and more people using their mobile phone as a video player, and mobilecasting is a media that can transfer podcast file to mobile phone (Pros and cons, 2007). Podcasting is a way that people can listen to music or watch video by using internet (podium tell your,). As we know that YouTube is an example of mobilecasting (Lewin, 2008). Started from year 2008, people can watch tens of millions video by using their mobile phone (Lewin, 2008). Indeed, mobilecasting is just a function of mobile phone and the mobile phone cannot survive without this function. Leisure activities can be the activities that people doing during their free time, this is not such thing like housework or sleep, but as a reason for relaxing, growth or compete (Definitions of leisure,,). This may include reading, sports and gaming with friends. And also leisure activities may not take the time while working or educating (Definitions of leisure,,). Leisure activities may be a central to communicate with people; it can make people to be a part of social life (Coyle, Ph, Shank Ed). Leisure activities also can be a way to make people being healthy. As a young generation I think that, mobilecasting is already mixed in our daily life. In this time, almost everyone will have internet on mobile, once it connects then we are already using mobilecasting. Its like the notification from Facebook or daily news on mobile phone. What young generation usually use is Facebook chatting, Twitter or YouTube. Leisure activities for us are more like a reason to gather together with friends. Even thought have some kinds of activities can done alone, but its also a chance to go outdoor and have a look with outside views. At the same time, doing leisure activities is the time for us to keep away from internet and enjoy the life. But most of us would prefer hanging out or reading instead of doing sports. From old time until now, mobile phone has successfully transferred from a phone to a device (Ivanovic, 2011). The first mobile phone in this world weight 2kg and the life of battery only can handle 20 minutes(Dialing for development:, 2010). By the time passed, mobile phone has also improved. From the radio system started using in mobile phone, and mobile radiophone service came in, till the wireless in mobile, more and more devices can be used in mobile phone (Lenhart, Ling, Campbell Purcell, 2010). At the first time, the uses of mobile phone are for people easy to communicate with, but it seems like mobile phones are getting harder and harder to use (History of cell,). Mobile phones have developed from a phone to a device. What a mobile phone can do now is not only text message or have a call, but also has internet, radio and 25 channels in a phone (History of cell,). As what Ivanovic (2011) reported, the early device of mobile phone is wirelessly and only support few conversation s, but now the mobile device system is using highly control system. A mobile phone is a gateway, and oftentimes the only means to knowledge, entertainment and communications for people in emerging markets. They have become vital to the lives and businesses of the people that use them.  Said by Nokia. Different young people have the different interests, and also different generation are playing the different games. But what most of young people will do is like hanging out with friends, joining any parties, playing computer games or some network socializing (Raising Children Network, 2011). There has a research among young people in Canada during 1980s, and it shows one and half 65% of them spending their leisure time to do physical activities and 30% of them will use their leisure time to take a lesson (A look at, 1988). In year 2011, young people in the age 15 to 19 will only spend 1.7 hours of their leisure time at outdoor activities, and most of time they are doing activities by using media (American time use, 2012). By the developing of technology, young people spend more time in media than activities, such as listen to music on iPod or communicate with friends on the facebook (Rahim, Kadir, Azmizah, Helma Chang, 2011). In Malaysia, their have a group of jounalist did a resea rch in Kuala Lumpur among youth about their leisure time using. The research shows that people spend most their leisure time on using internet, young people shoulf have a lot of energy in participate sports but they didnt. At the same time, most of them non-participated in active time are because of the internet media. Compares to those western countries, the youth in Malaysia spend less leisure time on activities, only 4 to 5 hours they spend on leisure activities, but the youth in North America spend up to 8 hours in leisure activities (Rahim et al., 2011). Statement of the Research Problem By the time that more and more youth get their mobile phone, the usage of mobilecasting is increasing. According to the survey which is done by a toy company Leapfrog, two third of children now own a mobile device (Barnett, 2012). At the same time, there are some problems with youth to use mobilecasting. Mobile phone is like drug and alcohol; it can influence childrens brain and make them cant stop playing it (Ann Louise Gittleman). There have two children were using mobile phone up to 6 hours a day, this cause mobile phone addiction so that the parents send them to mental health clinic (Tibbetts, 2008). Their even have some young teens risk for their mobile phone, they would even hurt themselves but not let the phone getting hurt. They treat the mobile phones as their beloved, which we can find how important the mobile phone is (Belkin, 2012). As children spend too much time on mobile device, its not only cause addiction, but also influence the healthy and study (Bond). According to the research done by Lenhart et al. (2010), mobile phone users have limited face to face communication time with their families. Around 70% of teens like to text friends instead of face to face communicate, what they think is they can socialize and improve friendship with friends by texting (Lenhart et al., 2010). We can find a very common scene in our daily life, which is a group of friend sitting together have a meal but without taking. How do they communicate? By using mobile phone. Young generations leisure activity time is getting influenced by the usage of mobile phone (Physical and social, 2011). BBC NEWS (2009) has reported that children only need 1 hour spend on exercise in daily life, but they dont even do it. So, how will mobilecasting influence young generations life in further time? Purpose of Research Uses and gratifications approach which suggests that adoption behaviour results from the formation of specific intention which under volitional control that is produced by beliefs, attitudes and intentions towards behaviour. In this study, correlation between mobilecasting usage and leisure activities among young generation will be tested based on personal factor (personal preferences) and subjective norm (social influence). This lays the groundwork for understanding the adoption of uses and gratifications of mobilecasting usage among young generation. A quantitative survey research using questionnaires method will be conducted by developing closed-ended questions to determine the frequency and percentage of respondents feedbacks. Sample size for this research is N=200 which consists of teenager age ranging from 15 to 25 with tertiary education located in Klang Valley. This study may yield new insights into studying young generations behaviour and interests toward the usage of mobile casting and leisure activities which is regarded as part of a new emerging trendy medium in website industry.  Ã‚   Research Objectives The objective of this research is among young generation. By the developing of technology, people cannot live without media, and mobile phones become a part of our life. At the same time, there are many problems with young people using mobilecasting. While the increasing of mobilecasting usage, the hours of leisure activities will be decreased. Specifically the research objectives are as below: To determine the relationship in between the motivation of mobilecasting usage and the mobilecasting usage pattern among young generation. To examine the relationship in between mobilecasting usage pattern and leisure activities among young generation. To examine the relationship in between the mobilecasting usage pattern and the uses of mobilecasting among young generation. To determine the relationship in between the uses of mobilecasting and the gratification of mobilecasting usage among young generation. Significance of the Study In this project, we can find that all these researches are related. During the research, there have many key words like mobilecasting, mobile phone or mobile device, and we can find there have some same point within these three words. There are also kinds of point like ones increasing the other one will be decreasing, such as the usage of mobilecasting and leisure activitiy time. We also complete the research step by step, only after we get ones information, then we can start doing the followed one. This research is also a contribution to the study of communication and social science. We can find that how young generation communication with each other and why do they being like this way. We can also getting to know the influences of media in our life. The development of mobile phone is also a big issue of how mobile phone getting into our daily life. Student can get this information to use as example in their study. The significance of this research for industry is getting to know what do the young generation need. Since young people are so much different from old time, so that for industries they can have the improvement of new product and new strategies. Like technologic company can come out with the updated phone model, and for those outdoor activity business will know how to come out with new idea. Government through this research should know that the problem with the young people and can control the bad influence by their power. Young generation should be active and full of energy, but not like what the research shows spend their leisure time on mobile devices. They should control the selling point of those mobile devices. For parents also can learn a lot from the study. The research shows the disadvantages of children use mobile phone, and by this time they can start to control the damage caused mobilecasting. Young generation themselves also be known that the damage of using too much mobile devices. They should know how important the social life is, and also the importance of doing outdoor activities.

Observations at the Park Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Essay

Observations at the Park A cigarette butt lies next to my foot, still emitting a trace of smoke. Nearby on the dusty asphalt a pigeon waddles self-consciously, bobbing its head as if pecking the air for some invisible food. A squirrel churrs a threat to his brother, challenging him to romp. The walkway before me never becomes silent. A buzz of voices blends with the city soundscape of cars driving and trucks backing, swingsets squealing and sparrows chirping. A toddler, holding tightly to his sister's stroller, yells "Achtung! Achtung! Achtung!" at a squirrel that crosses two inches from his foot. His mother comforts him, in German. A man sits down on the bench across from me, eyelids dropping on his creased red face as he stirs his cup of coffee. The bench I sit on is green, painted over years of dents and names scratched in wood. My backpack sits to my left with its main zipper opened just wide enough for me to extract my notebook and pen. At my right is my suitcase. Its pockets are crammed full like the subway this morning, barely room left to breathe, creaking and comp...

The Character of Phoenix Jackson in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays

The Character of Phoenix Jackson in Eudora Welty's A Worn Path 'A Worn Path' is the tale of the unstoppable love and care of a grandmother for her grandchild. Phoenix Jackson is Eudora Welty's main character and protagonist in   A Worn Path.? Phoenix is an old, frail woman who attempts to proceed on a long and treacherous journey through the woods to Natchez. Phoenix strives forward despite frequent obstacles in her way that include her own failing health and her grandchild's slim chance of survival. As she takes this prolonged trek across the woods, many of her characteristics are revealed. Her tenacity, senility, and consideration that she displays throughout her long worn path emphasize her character. Phoenix's precarious journey may seem dangerous, but her determination is what carries her through the obstacles she faces as she makes her way through the woods. Phoenix makes her way across the worn path and discovers many active opponents. She continues forward over barriers that would not even be considered a hindrance for the young. The long hill that she takes tires her, the thornbrush attempts to catch her clothes, the log that Phoenix goes across endangers her balance as she walks across it, and the barbed-wire fence threatens to puncture her skin. All of these impediments that Phoenix endures apparently do not affect her because she is determined that nothing will stop her on her journey. She keeps proceeding onward letting nothing deter her determination. ?The hunter(tm)s attempt to instill fear in Phoenix, a fear she disposed of years ago as she came to terms with her plight in society, fail   (Sykes 151). She ?realizes that the importance of the trip far exceeds the pos sible harm that can be done to her brittle ... ...es in Short Fiction. 14.3 (1977): 288-290. Evans, Robert C., Anne C. Little, and Barbara Wiedemann. Short Fiction: A Critical Companion. West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill, 1997. 265-270. Gretlund, Jan N.. Eudora Welty(tm)s Aesthetics of Place. Odense UP, 1994. 322, 337-338. Isaacs, Neil D..   Life for Phoenix.? The Critical Response to Eudora Welty(tm)s Fiction. ed. Laurie Champion. London: Greenwood, 1994. 37-42. Marrs, Suzanne.   Eudora Welty(tm)s Photography: Images into Fiction.   Critical Essays on Eudora Welty. W. Craig Turner and Lee Emling Harding. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1989. 288-289. Sykes, Dennis J.. ?Welty(tm)s The Worn Path.   Explicator. 56.3: 151-153. 1998 Spring. Welty, Eudora. ?The Worn Path.? Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: PH, 2001. 150-155.

Pentium 4 Essay -- Intel CPU Central Processing Units

Recently Intel introduced their newest line of the Pentium 4 processors with the new Prescott core. In this paper I will discuss how the Pentium 4 processor works and the changes that have been made since its release, but mainly on the modifications in the newest Pentium 4's with the Prescott core. I will also briefly compare the performance levels of some of the different types of Pentium 4's. The Pentium 4 line of processors encompasses a large range of clock speeds, from 1.7GHz up to 3.6GHz in the Prescott chip. Pentium 4's are all built with the same Netburst microarchitecture, but there are varieties of front side bus speeds, chip layout, and cores available. For example at 2.8GHz, one could choose from four different Pentium 4s: the 2.8GHz (a Northwood core with a 533MHz front-side bus), the 2.8C (Northwood again, but with an 800MHz bus), the 2.8A (Prescott with a 533MHz bus), or the 2.8E (Prescott with 800MHz bus). In all there are four types Pentium 4 versions that Intel has released each having slight improvements then the last. The first Pentium 4 (Willamette) was introduced in November 2000 to replace its predecessor the Pentium 3. The Pentium 4 was the first to have a totally new chip architecture since the 1995 Pentium Pro. The biggest difference being Intel's introduction of the Netburst microarchitecture, which involved structural changes that affected how processing takes place within the chip. Aspects of the changes include: a 20-stage pipeline, which boosts performance by increasing processor frequency; a rapid-execution engine, which doubles the core frequency and reduces latency by enabling each instruction to be executed in a half (rather than a whole) clock cycle; a 400 MHz system bus, which ena... ...helped immensely in offsetting Prescott's enlarged 31-stage pipeline, but did not entirely make up the gap. On balance, Prescotts are slightly slower than Northwoods. In time it is expected that the Prescott P4s will look relatively stronger as SSE3 instructions are adopted in more software application and, especially, as clock speeds rise. But it seems that the real strength of Prescott seems to lie in its Hyper-Threading performance. In the most of the multitasking tests, the Prescott performed better than the Northwood CPU. The Pentium 4 Extreme Edition was the best performer, but unfortunately it is also very expensive. The P4 Extreme Edition had the best results for content creation and video editing applications. Also as Intel suggested the P4 Extreme Edition performed very well for games, but I do not believe it is significant enough to warrant the extra cost.

The Ethical dilemma

The ethical dilemma presented In the case study examines If you would allow an Innocent person to be charged with offense he did not commit. You have been asked to keep quiet by a friend, someone you have known for years. Although you are positive that your friends did not commit the act, you are sure there is an innocent person wrongfully accused. I believe that it is my duty to be honest and tell the truth about the situation. According to Morehouse (2013) ethics is concerned with the kind of values and morals an individual or a society finds desirable or appropriate.My motives for my decision are strictly based on my personal values and morals and not the relationship. Justification and reasoning Each relationship that we have whether personal or professional creates a human action. Whether these actions are directly or indirectly, they form some sort of obligation. The case study presented identified that I am friends of someone within my command who has asked me to withhold info rmation while the relationship with the accused is displeasing.Whether it is a moral obligation or the duties and right to aspect the rights of people, the obligation in the relationship are affected by our conduct. If I decided to keep the information to myself, I may be seen as loyal. However, my obligation would be respect the innocent when making a moral judgment. The values that I possess have a bearing to the relationships. These values are a moral obligation for the truth. The relationship has no relevance for my moral action. Ethical frameworks Addressing ethical issues from an awareness of the theoretical framework may increase a leader's moral development (Savannah et al. 1981; Goldberg, 1969). In order to comprehend the reason behind ethical motives, you must understand the ethical framework that guides these behaviors. The two ethical theories that deal with the behaviors are Teleological, which represent consequences and Deontological with represents duty. Teleological deals with a person's conduct producing desirable consequences. Deontological focuses on the actions of the leader and his obligations to do the right thing. Teleological or deontological frameworks do not take Into account the rights of individuals.