The marriage cure, inadequate solution of poverty Essay

The marriage fix, deficient arrangement of destitution - Essay Example From old occasions a marriage expected to be the successful apparatus to dispose of neediness. Be that as it may, is it a satisfactory arrangement today Scholarly pundits express various perspectives with respect to the Boo's article message. Some of them guess that the exploration recommending that administrations and people will in general profit by an expansion in marriage rates is now powerful, and don't see a lot of point in being shy about it. Marriage is likely the most cost-productive antipoverty instrument a general public has (Stewart, 2004). The creator concentrates on the trouble which can follow single ladies in marriage surge. The article portrays the issues of two single ladies and the blemish of the foundation marriage toward the start of the 21st century. In the article Boo depicts the real factors of a marriage advancement program and their results for low-pay lady. She stated: Still, the days presently contained enough hours for a sensible lady to worry about her future (Boo, 2003). In one of her meeting Boo contends that: And if, propelled by that teaching, Kim, whose salary was under ten thousand dollars, figures out how to meet and wed a man who makes ten thousand dollars, their joined pay would evacuate them two... Boo scrutinizes the Bush's government assistance change to wipe out neediness by marriage and considers it to be insufficient arrangement giving upheld reasons. A few pundits contend that achievement in the workforce may make ladies progressively free and in this way increasingly specific about the men they will consider wedding. Furthermore, additional time at work implies less an ideal opportunity to seek after connections, particularly for single parents whose time is as of now extended slim (Stewart, 2004).. The significant certainty to note is that destitution is an intricate issue which is hard to explain in one day. Remember the realities referenced by Katherine Boo it is conceivable to state that if this issue of neediness can be unraveled by effective marriage, our general public would not have poor animals searching for more promising times. Race, sexual orientation, familial status, age, and spot of living arrangement are a few however not the entirety of the qualities that improve the danger of living in destitution. Boo gives a striking models appearing differently in relation to those blushing dreams proposed by Bush's organization. She portrays that Kim's yearly salary was: 5,000 dollars, at the same time, aside from ten months when she and her better half initially isolated, she had not gotten government assistance. The kid support should have secured us, however when it quit coming I was unable to bear the cost of a legal counselor (Boo, 2003). The marriage fix is just endurance of time influenced the psyche of many single ladies. Marriage advancement programs, accordingly, must be seen with regards to battered ladies' lives and how destitution and kids influence their dynamic. Most mothers I realize will do anything for their youngsters and this frequently incorporates enduring long periods of savagery and misuse. At the point when you tell a lady who is urgently attempting to keep a rooftop over her head, put food on

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay Example for Free

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay The Lottery composed by Shirley Jackson recounts to such a story: There is an antiquated customary yearly occasion held in a humble community in America. Any individual who wins the â€Å"lottery† will be battered to the point of death for gather. Tessie is the new unluckier this time, who needs to endure this remorseless and heartless discipline. Seen profoundly, females’ mediocre position is indicated intricately in this novel. Initially, the nickname to females shows that they are in subjection to guys. â€Å"Mrs. Hutchinson came speedily along the way to the square† (Jackson, 2), â€Å"she said to Mrs.  Delacroix† (Jackson, 2), â€Å"Mrs. Dunbar said regretfully† (Jackson, 3). Here â€Å"Mrs. Delacroix†, â€Å"Mrs. Hutchinson† and â€Å"Mrs. Dunbar† all propose that one female can't be an individual being after her marriage, since she must be a piece of her better half by calling her â€Å"Mrs†. When Tessie comes of late, the villager’s addresses that â€Å"Here comes your Missus, Hutchinson† (Jackson, 2) rather than calling her own name additionally shows that she has become a subordinate item for her significant other. Much the same as Lakoff says in his book Language and Womans Place, â€Å"It is with Mrs, Miss, and Mr. Since a noteworthy piece of the feeling one ordinarily frames about a womans character and social station relies upon her conjugal status as isn't the situation with men† (Lakoff, 73). This marvel is normal everywhere throughout the world. Why don’t guys change their monikers like female do? As a matter of fact, the marriage can't transform anything other than the couple’s new relationship and family way of life. So does a female need to bargain to turn into her husband’s chump? Maybe just when she causes achievement to would she be able to be presented as an autonomous person. The individuals who are happy with their the state of affairs are probably going to acknowledge the new auxiliary location. In this way, females’ subjected handles bit by bit become acclimated. Second, the job of being a housewife unwittingly impacts a female’s equivalent option to satisfy her own achievement. In the novel, â€Å"Mrs. Hutchinson came briskly along the way to the square, her sweater tossed over her shoulders†¦ â€Å"Clean overlooked what day it was,† she said to Mrs. Delacroix†¦She dried her hands on her apron†¦Wouldnt have me leave mdishes in the sink, presently, okay, Joe? † (Jackson, 3) Tessie’s words and the demonstration of â€Å"drying her hands on her apron† recommend the female’s low social situation around then. Clearly, in the event that she doesn't â€Å"win the lottery†, her next work is to surge home and serve suppers for the family, since the conventional distribution of family jobs has died down into a set up accepted practice: when a lady is hitched, she will surrender her vocation and assume the job of a housewife, central core. So in what capacity can a female have more opportunity to accomplish something increasingly conspicuous satisfaction since she has been restricted into such circumstance? It’s no big surprise that females don't share the equivalent situation to plan something progressively important for some degree. Much the same as Journalist Ruth Franklin captioned her 2010 piece in The New Republic: â€Å"On Shirley Jackson and the test of being both a mother and a writer† (p. 1). She says, â€Å"In the 1950s, the same amount of as now, ladies can possibly compose when the infant rests, or while the kids are at school, or after the dishes are done and the snacks are stuffed and the house is, finally, calm. This kind of coordinations has consistently worked with productivity, when the lady comprehends that regardless of how easily the considerations are streaming, they should stop when the school transport comes. It functions as an abdication to frustration† (FRANKLIN, 2010). It’s simple to see that Shirley Jackson’s composing vocation is to some degree impacted obviously due to her female character. Being both as a mother and a spouse, she needs to view her careerâ€writing as the optional crucial the family. The humiliating circumstance she confronted is connected with any females around then. Along these lines, the job of being a housewife unwittingly impacts a female’s equivalent option to satisfy her own achievement. Third, females don’t have the ability to decide. As it is appeared in the novel, guys oversee all the undertakings, â€Å"The lottery was led by Mr. Summers; The postmaster, Mr. Graves conveyed a three-legged stool; Mr. Martin†¦ approached to hold the case consistent on the stool† (Jackson, 1). Three most influential men command the entire town strategically and monetarily. â€Å"There were the rundowns to make up of heads of families, heads of family units in each family† (Jackson 2), which proposes the male’s prevailing situation in a family. In addition, â€Å"Dunbar’s spouse subbed him to draw the lottery since he had broken his leg, yet Mr. Summers asked whether she had a developed kid to do it† (Jackson, 2) likewise shows that the oddity of a female to do such an essencial and definitive thing. At long last, Tessie’s passing is another proof to show that female isn't just substandard, however a casualty in that disastrous social condition. Reserving no privileges to decide, females fate to be chosen as opposed to choosing. Therefore, the female’s substandard position has framed. In a world, females’ substandard position is demonstrated intricately in The Lottery. Their sobriquets, their family division of the work and their no capacity to settle on choices all showcase the mediocre situation of females.

Beowulf and Grendel Essay

The movement utilized for the film, Beowulf was essentially sublime. I thought the characters were human however sooner or later, I saw that they move contrastingly so I discovered that it was really a movement caught film, similar to the ones utilized in Polar Express and Monster House. The impacts were acceptable, and the characters truly resembled the entertainers who played them. It’s astounding what innovation can do nowadays. Concerning the story, I think a few scenes are extremely savage and severe. Like the part when Grendel, the beast, tore the head of one of the troopers and ate it, it was nauseating. A few sections were additionally evaluated PG. ut by and large, I think the plot was acceptable. The character of Beowulf was fearless and bold. From the earliest starting point of the story, we would already be able to tell that he is a saint and that he rehearses the code of respect (whatever that is). He was happy to forfeit himself to spare his kin and the realm. I think he is additionally savvy as the lord. He didn’t battle the fighter who was attempting to murder him, rather, send him off saying â€Å"He has a story to tell†. Be that as it may, the heroes likewise have some low qualities. For one, he didn’t think about the results when he yielded to Grendel’s mother’s propels. He additionally deceived lord Hrothgar and his kin when he disclosed to them that he slaughtered Grendel’s mother. He did all that just with the goal that he could have riches and the crown. I likewise didn’t like the way that he took a special lady, when his better half was still there. I think Queen Wealtheow is a shrewd and wonderful sovereign, what more might he be able to request? Additionally, I think Ursula, the mistress, didn’t truly love Beowulf. She was simply submitting herself to him since he is obviously, the lord. I think the chronicled precision was acceptable, the outfit and the conventions; they even had the correct accents.

Motocross Free Essays

Did you know Motocross is believed to be the most famous sort of cruiser dashing? It was set up in Europe during the 1930’s and over some undefined time frame it got well known all over the world. The game is comprised of forty riders that contend on a similar track at once. An expert race will last around thirty minutes and a novice race will last around 5 minutes. We will compose a custom exposition test on Motocross or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now My name is travis staubs and I have hustled motocross for a long time of my life. Today I’m going to converse with you about the significance of preparing for security, how to work the bicycle, a few hints for you to appreciate hustling. First you will require the best possible rigging and that incorporates: boots, knee cushions or supports, chest defender, a cap, goggles, gloves, and the hustling pullover and dashing jeans. That rigging will help shield anybody from truly getting harmed. Hitting the ground isn’t fun when you don't have any insurance on. Second, you have to ensure your bicycle is prepared to ride. Your bicycle should be loaded up with fuel, have perfect measure of oil, your spokes should be fix, and the brakes work, extremely simply the essential upkeep. Prior to beginning the bicycle, you have to ensure the gas is on and the stifle is on since you havent began the bicycle in some time. and afterward haul the show starter out and kick down on the kick starter a couple of times and the bicycle should begin. When the bicycle has begun, set the hold back in and let the motor warm up. It shouldn’t take that long for the bicycle to get warm. When its warm, trust on the bicycle and ensure you have all your rigging on. Pull the cluth in and click down on the apparatus shitfer. The cluth is on the handle bars infront of your left hand. In any case, don't pull the throttle right back and take off , you will unleash. You need to back out the grip and have little gas to take off. To change gears and to go quicker you need mid rpms and once you would you like to pull the grip in and change the gear shitfer up to switch gears and when you click down, you go into low apparatuses for low speeds. Here are a few hints for you:Try to ride constantly. The more you ride the quicker and better you getDo not center around attempting to be great. Nobody is ideal simply chip away at little pieces one after another. For example, elbows up, look forward, come into the turns, great line slections, and when you hear somebody coming up behind you, don't go over the track, stay where you are on the grounds that their going to circumvent you. Bicycle set up. Bars in a comfortable position not to high or too low and like I said before regarding the support. Its everything about making some great memories so simply make some great memories and don’t propel yourself excessively hard. The most effective method to refer to Motocross, Papers Motocross Free Essays Great morning class. The subject of my IA is motocross however today I will talk explicitly on the point â€Å"The advancement of motocross as a built up sport†. What is motocross?†¦. We will compose a custom article test on Motocross or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Motocross is characterized as a coordinated cruiser race over a shut open air course comprising of a winding soil trail with slopes, bounces, sharp turns, and regularly sloppy landscape. This game began in Britain as a rough terrain occasion called scrambling. The main realized scramble occurred at Camberley, Surrey in 1924. The soonest bikes were minimal more than bikes with little inward burning motors connected. During these early years individuals here and there, utilized the tracks worked for bike dashing for scrambling occasions. These early scrambling occasions were utilized to show case cruisers entered by producers to plug their image similarly they do today. By the late 1920’s â€Å"Scrambling† had gotten well known in both Britain and France. The French added new measurements to the game, they abbreviated the tracks included laps and man made deterrents, for example, hops. They likewise changed the name to what it is known as today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Motocross which is a mix of bike and crosscountry. The bicycles utilized for motocross during the late 1920’s were fundamentally the same as those utilized in the city around then, for example, Harley Davidson’s and Indians, which had inflexible edges. By the 1930’s these then offered approach to outlines containing suspension and further developed swinging fork back suspension by the mid 1950’s. As indicated by the FIM motocross went worldwide in 1947 when the Dutch national bike league facilitated an opposition called the motocross des countries for national groups on a bequest in the Netherlands. Three nations were entered in the main year of the opposition they were Great Britain, The Netherlands, and Belgium. The riders contended in races comprising of two warms every one of eight laps, over a two mile circuit. Scoring was finished by registering the all out occasions of the best three riders from every national group. The British who were spoken to by, Bill Nicholson, Fred Rist, and Ray Scovell riding 500cc bicycles made by the British Small arms organization won the opposition, beating the Belgians by just 9 seconds. The prevalence of the occasion was appeared to have incredibly improved as the second organizing of the occasion in Belgium pulled in thirty thousand observers. The British kept on indicating their strength in the game as they proceeded to win the motocross des countries multiple times in the initial twenty years of the occasion. In 1952 the FIM (Federation Internationale de Motocyclisme), the motorcycling’s worldwide overseeing body, made an individual European Championship, and afterward overhauled it to a World Championship title in 1957. In 1962 a youthful architect in East Germany Walter Kaaden, made an innovative advancement that significantly improved the two-stroke motor and its helpfulness which thus â€Å"revolutionized† the bike business. His revelation was that of the rule of the extension chamber, which when appropriately molded, in a split second expanded the intensity of a two stroke motor by more than 25 percent. This gave the 2 stroke motor a capacity to weight proportion that handily surpassed the 4-stroke motor. Another advantage of the 2 stroke motor was that it was less convoluted and a lot less expensive to mass produce. Because of this numerous mechanical countries including Germany, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Sweden, Spain, and Japan immediately grasped the new innovation. As motor structure and force improved rivalry for 250cc cruisers the class wherein 2 strokes played out their best, started to pick up in prevalence and in 1962 the FIM made a 250cc big showdown. Because of the presentation of the 250cc class the development of motocross during the 1970s was nothing not exactly a motorsport upset. The development of motocross when estimated by the quantity of American bike affiliation authorized occasions grew one hundred overlap somewhere in the range of 1965 and 1975. In the 1980’s the game grew much more in the US, the 250cc class experienced the decade and in 1985 the East/West 125cc class which was made for the more youthful less experienced riders was framed. During the 1990’s the 250 class stayed at the center of attention, with the principle concentrate currently moving from Europe where motocross had been progressively well known, to the USA, where riders, for example, Jeremy McGrath and Jeff Stanton reliably ruled the game. Today, because of the progressions and accomplishments in the realm of motocross it has took into account the world to remember it as a set up sport where many have exceeded expectations and indicated significance †¦. people, for example, Jeremy McGrath, Ricky Carmichael, and James Stewart are probably the best names related with the game of motocross. Instructions to refer to Motocross, Essay models

Welcome to the new blog! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Welcome to the new blog! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The pictures are bigger. The colors are brighter. The layout is more responsive. Its the Admissions Blog of your dreams! Welcome to the new blog. I  hope youre as thrilled with our redesign as we all are.  If youll recall the old blog, it was stagnantly old-school looking. Nobody liked it, and thats understandable. So we changed it! (Drag the arrows in the image below to see the before and after makeover!) As you take a  look around at the new SIPA MIA/MPA Admissions Blog,  I hope that it reminds you of a site you already enjoy.  I decided to mimic the look of the SIPA websitesimilar fonts, a featured-content slider, and a user-friendly navigation menu. At the top of the page, youll see our navigation menu. Under  About This Blog, youll find our mission statement, and a list of contributors. We also link you back to  the Application Page  via  Important Links  and Apply Now.  And if youre interested in reading more about a particular subject, just send us an email via  Submit An Idea.  Ill personally get the request, and will be sure to put your inquiry in our top-priority list. On the right-hand side of most pages, youll notice  Upcoming Deadlines, Recent Posts,  and even our  Instagram account (!), which will help keep you informed on important reminders and  content related to the admissions process. And if you ever forget our email address or physical address, just scroll to the bottom on any page to quickly reference our contact information. Oh, and please make sure you subscribe to the new blog by entering your email address in the Subscribe  bar on the right-hand side. (If you received this post in an email, then you dont have to re-subscribe.)  Since its technically a new blog,  were using a new subscription service. Thus,  to stay informed on upcoming events, student life, and the admissions process, dont forget to subscribe today! I look forward to bringing you some exciting content this summer. If you have any  comments about the new blog, please feel free to  Submit An Idea. Kaitlyn Wells, Assistant Director of Admissions, SIPA

Welcome to the new blog! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Welcome to the new blog! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The pictures are bigger. The colors are brighter. The layout is more responsive. Its the Admissions Blog of your dreams! Welcome to the new blog. I  hope youre as thrilled with our redesign as we all are.  If youll recall the old blog, it was stagnantly old-school looking. Nobody liked it, and thats understandable. So we changed it! (Drag the arrows in the image below to see the before and after makeover!) As you take a  look around at the new SIPA MIA/MPA Admissions Blog,  I hope that it reminds you of a site you already enjoy.  I decided to mimic the look of the SIPA websitesimilar fonts, a featured-content slider, and a user-friendly navigation menu. At the top of the page, youll see our navigation menu. Under  About This Blog, youll find our mission statement, and a list of contributors. We also link you back to  the Application Page  via  Important Links  and Apply Now.  And if youre interested in reading more about a particular subject, just send us an email via  Submit An Idea.  Ill personally get the request, and will be sure to put your inquiry in our top-priority list. On the right-hand side of most pages, youll notice  Upcoming Deadlines, Recent Posts,  and even our  Instagram account (!), which will help keep you informed on important reminders and  content related to the admissions process. And if you ever forget our email address or physical address, just scroll to the bottom on any page to quickly reference our contact information. Oh, and please make sure you subscribe to the new blog by entering your email address in the Subscribe  bar on the right-hand side. (If you received this post in an email, then you dont have to re-subscribe.)  Since its technically a new blog,  were using a new subscription service. Thus,  to stay informed on upcoming events, student life, and the admissions process, dont forget to subscribe today! I look forward to bringing you some exciting content this summer. If you have any  comments about the new blog, please feel free to  Submit An Idea. Kaitlyn Wells, Assistant Director of Admissions, SIPA

Dickens Childhood in A Christmas Carol - Free Essay Example

One of the most successful writers in Victorian era who is well known for his timeless holiday novel, A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens childhood influences the central themes of his novels because growing up Dickens had to learn how to fend for himself and his struggles shadowed what his novels were about. A Christmas Carol, one of Charles Dickens all time classic, tells a tale of an old man named, Ebenezer Scrooge who doesnt believe in the jolly spirits of Christmas because his greed for money weathers his soul. Jacob Marley is Ebenezer Scrooges deceased business partner that was just as selfish and greedy as Scrooge. He comes back as a ghost on the nights before Christmas to warn Scrooge that he will be visited by three different ghosts on three different nights to convince him to become someone a selfless person, and if he does not change his ways then he will suffer the fate of being chained up and wandering the earth as punishment for his arrogant ways. If they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. (Dickens, 9) Furthermore, there could be assumptions made between this story and the author because growing up the rich back in the day were selfish and never gave back to the economy. Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 and his family was considered in the lower class. By the time he was age 12, he was already out on his own looking for jobs that were hard labor with minimum pay. He would walk several miles to get to work and he would only be able to see his family during the weekends. This portion of his life helped shape the writer into what he is known for today. His fictional tales about corruption, neglection, and orphaned children is where he captures the attention of readers. All in all, the theme for this essay will be interpreting how the consequences of greed will get the better of Ebenezer Scrooge and how greed effects people present-day. In the beginning of the novel, it is Christmas Eve and Ebenezer Scrooge is at his house/business working. Scrooge is known as the nasty, mean, cheap old man in the town because he does not care for anyone else. This is shown when Scrooge refuses to add more coal into the fireplace to warm up the office where he clearly sees his only worker Bob Cratchit shivering while filing papers. Clearly Scrooge has no heart for other people because hed rather let them suffer and do his dirty work for him while he benefits from it. Then a young man comes in greeting Scrooge a Merry Christmas which ends up being Scrooges nephew, Fred Scrooge. Fred has come by to invite his uncle to a Christmas dinner. Bah! Humbug. Scrooge replies. (Dickens, 4) That implies that he was disgusted with the idea of Christmas cheer. After that event, hes approached by a group of gentlemen comes by his office and they ask Scrooge if he wants to donate money to charity to support the poor. Scrooge rudely tells these gentl emen that he would only give money to prisons and other businesses and basically says Christmas is just a time to slow down businesses. Scrooges greediness and personality tells the reader that even the thought of giving money to help others irks him and Christmas to him is just a wasted day to not make money. Today, times are not as hard as it was back in the 1800s but greed is still a social issue. For example, a lot of people have access to food stamps or health care from the government and instead of helping others that are more deserving they sell them over the internet to get financial gains. Greed is still an issue today because its easy to be greedy, taking advantage of certain situations and then not having to do anything in return can feel satisfying. Everyone once in their life has been greedy before, people either learn from it and realize what theyre doing is wrong or they will continue being a greedy person and turn them into a bad person, but in the end their actions will catch up to them. Furthermore, A Christmas Carol illustrates a solid example of what happens to Ebenezer Scrooge if he had not taken advice from the ghosts that had visited him all those nights. The first night hes visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past, the ghost takes Scrooge on a trip to when he was younger and each scene hes taken to shows when Scrooge was filled with love and joy. Hes even seen his younger sister Fan, whom is the mother of his nephew Fred. Overwhelmed by the experience of his past life Scrooge gets emotional and tells the ghost to take him back. Reflecting upon his past made it hard for Scrooge because he faintly realizes that his lust for money and fortune has made him forget about Belle, his ex-fiance who left him due to greed corrupting their love. The second night hes visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present, he takes Scrooge on different trips to show him all the lives of the people who are poor. The spirit and Scrooge stop by Bob Cratchits house where theyre preparing a Christmas dinner, everyone there looks poor and Scrooge is emotionally attached to Bobs crippled son, Tiny Tim. He asks the spirit if Tim is going to make it, the spirit shows him the Cratchits family next year at Christmas with an empty seat. They proceed to go on to other Christmas functions, even his nephew Freds, where Scrooge was entertaining himself. Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses? (Dickens, 72). The ghost taunts Scrooge for saying this earlier to the groups of gentlemen whom were asking for donation, implying that the poor should be living in prisons because Scrooge wanted the poor to be nowhere near him. Overall, the Ghost of Christmas Present was to show how Scrooges greed effected the people in his town, he wanted Scrooge to feel empathetic for the people that must work for what they earn. Currently, even though there are no that law can necessarily protect people from greed. There are situations where the wealthy or businesses greed treat the poor unfairly. For instance, untrustworthy banks hand out their customers mortgages that they know they dont have enough money to pay for, to produce funds and foreclose their homes. Again, associating the wealthy as being greedy and selfish, the Victorian era and modern-day society might not be so different. On the other hand, not all wealthy people are greedy some of which donate to the community. They do this because theyve been through the struggles to get from rags to riches, they understand what its like to have to work hard and overcome obstacles, and by helping those in need it betters the community. Lastly, Scrooge is then visited by the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come (Future) and the ghost is dressed like a reaper. Charles Dickens illustrates the ghost like this, so he can represent death or fear. The ghost takes Scrooge on a trip to several places where each of the characters at the location are talking about how glad or relieved they are that this old man has died. They even stop by the Cratchits house where Tiny Tim was no longer with them. Scrooge asks the ghost who this old unforgiving man they were talking about was, and the reaper takes Scrooge to a graveyard where the head stone labeled: Ebenezer Scrooge. Shocked by this Scrooge begs for the ghost to take him back home and promises that he will admire Christmas and learn from all the mistakes hes made from all three ghosts. Mens courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if preserved in, they must lead, (Dickens, 90) Scrooge said this because he finally realized that his greedy choices will be the reason he will be suffering the same fate as Jacob Marley.

The Effects of Climate Change on Ancient Civilizations Essay

Climate Change on Ancient Civilizations Previous climate change predictions have provided scientists, archaeologist and ecologists with information about the past and future of humans. These indications are backed up by scientific research based off of the physics of the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, land and ice. In addition, many researchers have recently turned their focus to past civilizations and their downfall. With information from Mark Kinver’s â€Å"Roman Rise and Fall ‘Recorded in Trees’† studies show that from the demise of the Argaric society to the fall of the Mayan, and Ancient Roman Empire, climate change has played a key role in regards to civilizations collapse and nuclear annihilation. Mark Kinver According to Kivner, â€Å"warm,†¦show more content†¦Characterized by their early adoption of bronze, the Argaric culture quickly gained dominance over other societies. However, El Argar reached its peaked after a severe drought. According to data from ‘Eco-ruin ‘felled early society’, the early civilization was drained of its natural resources causing their own downfall. These findings were based off of pollen preserved in compost deposits located in the mountains of eastern Andalucà ­a, Spain. In addition, researchers drilled a sediment core from the Canada del Gitano basin in the Andalucà ­a Sierra de Baza region. With information from the abundance of pollen types and from the sediment core, scientists were able to create the same vegetation that covered the area in past times. With their given findings, researchers were able to gather a pollen sequence that was able to tell them how human settlement and climate affected the ecosystems. Keeping thi s in mind, archaeologists are convinced that shortly before the collapse of the Argaric culture, something happened to the ecological structure of the area. Before the Argaric civilization, Sierra de Baza was densely covered with a diverse forest. However, just after the civilization arises, considerable amounts of charcoal appear in the pollen sequence. According to recent research, the Argaric culture were setting fires to clear the forest for their mining and grazing activities. In light of this, about 400 years after they emerged,Show MoreRelatedThe Harappan Civilization And The Civilization1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harappan Civilization, or Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most prosperous ancient civilizations in its heyday. Major urban areas exhibited advanced infrastructure, including organized streets and paths, a sophisticated sewage system, and an operating method for drainage. However, a few thousand years after it was at its peak, the civilization began to decline, and eventually it collapsed. Today, the ruins of the ancient civilization remain, and much about the civilization’s cities andRead MoreThe Study of Archaeology Essay examples1056 Words   |  5 Pagesextension of history.† The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicate with those whom they are studying, so they must be extraordinarily meticulous when analyzing past cultures. This relates to all aspects of the ancient world including; foods, raw materialsRead MoreMaya Civilization Collapse1311 Words   |  6 PagesMaya civilization. The Maya civilization is, â€Å"probably the best known of all early American civilizations.† (Fagan, 1995) It was at its strongest point between AD 300 AND 900. Around AD 90 0 was the time of its collapse. This civilization was developed in a densely, tropical forest on either highlands or lowlands. Today to visit a Mayan site, people would go to the modern Mexican state, capital city of Merida. This site was once home to the â€Å"New Worlds most advanced Native American civilization beforeRead MoreCompare Contrast Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia: A Compare and Contrast Essay Com/170 Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia: A Compare and Contrast Essay Ancient Egypt, known as â€Å"The Gift of the Nile,† and ancient Mesopotamia, known as the land â€Å"Between the Rivers,† were the first two civilizations developed by mankind. Not only this is a double-negative that you do not need.] These were they the first civilizations to form, andbut they were also the first river-valley civilizations using theRead MoreThe Incas And The Inca Empire1435 Words   |  6 PagesThere were several ancient civilizations that built their cultures around their geography. The Incas were among one of those ancient civilizations. They had amazing ingenuity to make use of their environment. The Incas built agriculture terraces and they had a complex irrigation system. And some crops that we use today. The physical environment of the Incas affected and shaped their civilization. The Incan Indians started as a small tribe in South America in pre- Columbian times. According to LinRead MoreAncient Civilizations And The Modern World1379 Words   |  6 PagesAncient civilizations have had profound effects of what we know as the modern world today. The primary purpose for anything that lives is to survive. Throughout history animals, plants and humans have adapted to their surroundings. All living things have changed throughout time. The thing that differs humans from the rest is, humans are more cognitively advanced. Over the course of time the shape and size of the human skull have changed. The size of the human brain has increased, which has allowedRead MoreThe Great Warming By Brian Fagan1073 Words   |  5 Pagesonly does the book give a new dimension to world history by looking at climate history, but it also provides the reader with an ominous warning of the impact that climate change may have on the human race in the future. Fagan references many civiliz ations in the book that were affected by the rise in surface temperatures. He goes in depth with them individually to show just how worldwide this climate change was, how each civilization adapted or failed to adapt, and who the winners and losers were duringRead More Ancient Solar Architecture Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Solar Architecture Passive solar design and architecture may seem like a distant dream in our fast paced modern world, but in reality it’s more of a modern revival of a style of energy efficient building that has been around for millennia. What once seemed to be common sense ideas for designing a house that could both keep you cool in the summer and warm in the winter has somehow been forgotten since we started to overuse the planet’s resources on our own comforts. When heating a houseRead MoreIssues of Global Warming and Industrial Pollution1559 Words   |  7 Pagesaccounts for around 2% of all heart and lung diseases, about 5% of all lung cancers, and about 1% of all chest infections. Apart from health hazards, water pollution due to discharge of contaminated water and Global Warming are some of the harmful effects of industrial pollution. Industry accounts for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for the most deadly pollutants. Human rights cannot be secured in a degraded or polluted environment. The fundamental right to life is threatenedRead MoreImpact Of Sustainability On The Environment1715 Words   |  7 Pages‘Sustainability’ will be much clearer and easier if the word ‘Unsustainable’ is understood and both words are compared against each other. The Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old and ever since, it is evolving and changing its properties. Some of the changes observed by scientists are cyclic (Ice age, Mass Extinction, etc.) and some unpredictable (Extinction of dinosaurs by asteroid, mutations, etc.). Throughout the evolution of earth from a heavenly mass of fire to today’s form, innumerable kinds of

Concealed and Confessed Guilt in The Scarlet Letter and...

Two classical themes in literature are concealed guilt and confessed guilt and in many instances the reader sees the affects of these on individuals. In the examination and exploration of The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth the necessary comparison for both is provided. The guilt in The Scarlet Letter is seen in the minds and outward appearance of each main character, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. In Macbeth the readers sees an obvious guilt in the main character, Macbeth. When one does wrong, the common reaction is to hide it and pretend as if nothing happened. Because of the human conscience it is difficult to completely forget about a wrongdoing. Through our conscience guilt is built up and eventually that guilt shatters enough†¦show more content†¦Dimmesdale has a largely different approach to dealing with his sin. Arthur Dimmesdale handles his terrible guilt by concealing it to himself. To overcome it he would whip himself, and take long walks into the forest. Dimmesdale’s act of concealing his guilt shows that he is not brave enough to tell all and there for he must live fearfully and cowardly. This guilt he has chose to endure is much worse than any shame he would have felt had he just confessed his sin of adultery with Hester. Since he was a moral leader in his town he felt an obligation to keep it a secret but like in many cases where guilt is concealed, the sinner eventually reasons enough to confess. Dimmesdale does the same and confesses his sin to the townspeople. â€Å"He longed to speak out from his own pulpit, at the full height of his voice, and tell his people who he was.† Macbeth’s guilt is similar to the guilt Dimmesdale feels, but not replicated. They both begin to go mad when the sin begins to tear the mind apart. Macbeth begins hearing things as soon as the murder is completed. Macbeth is clearly influenced by Lady Macbeth who helps bring on much of his guilt. Lady Macbeth helps him to side with her in the killing of Duncan, which makes it easier for Macbeth to kill the king, despite his reservations, Macbeth sees Banquos ghost at the banquet table and he has an episode of

Battle of the Bulge Essay - 1434 Words

British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill declared the Allied Victory at the Ardennes campaign, of which he dubbed the Battle of the Bulge, â€Å"undoubtedly the greatest American battle of the war and will, I believe, be regarded as an ever famous American Victory†. Arguably so, as great a victory as it was for the Americans, it would go on to become an even greater victory for the Allies against Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler. The summer of 1944 had been a catastrophic one for Hitler and Germany. Loses at Normandy had greatly depleted equipment, manpower, and had lost ground to the invading Allied Forces (Keegan, 440). On September 16, Hitler made a â€Å"momentous decision† to make a counteroffensive out of the Ardennes to capture the Belgian†¦show more content†¦They formed a perimeter around Bastogne and held it out against the Germans. Unable to penetrate in, the Germans surrounded the city and cut off all roads leading in, creating the â€Å"Bulge†. The 101st was without a supply line and were surrounded by German Artillery, but they still kept the German infantry from gaining access to Bastogne, creating an effective road block (Keegan, 445). The Sixth Panzer Army in the North had managed to gain ground, as well as the First Panzer Division and Fifth Panzer Army in the south. The Germans would overrun the American Outposts, but found that as they got closer, the fighting got tougher and tougher. This caused delays, and their tanks would begin to run low on fuel (Oxford, par 27). German commanders had hoped to capture US Fuel Sites in Stavelot to replenish their vehicles onward to Antwerp. The soldiers of the 101st were engaged in fights throughout the hills, villages, and woods of Bastogne. The cold winter began to take its toll, and the unprepared soldiers, with no weather clothing or footwear, stuffed newspapers into their overcoats to keep warm (Oxford, par 28). Colds, frostbite, trench foot, and pneumonia started to inflict themselves on the men, where for day’s intense combat centered in Bastogne. Still, alongShow MoreRelatedThe Battle of the Bulge757 Words   |  3 Pages to eliminate the bulge in the American line. This success was largely due to General Patton’s third army, that attacked from the North and the South. On January 8, 1945, the German forces began to pull out of the Bulge. As the Americans advanced, they continued to erase all German gains. By the end of January, 1945, all territory that was captured by the Germans was back under Allied control (â€Å"Battle of the Bulge†). The Battle of the bulge was one of the most difficul t battles of the war for theRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1089 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Bulge The United States remains a country with a rich history in several issues including strong military activities including their incursion in Iraq, Afghanistan and other volatile countries around the world. However, the devastations of the Battle of the Bulge make it as one of the deadliest and bloodiest wars that the U.S has ever witnessed in history. It led to various war tactics with artillery emerging from it and other military operation challenges. Despite its unpredictableRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge was one of the Bloodiest battles of World War II with around 175,000 total casualties and played a key role in ending the War. The Battle started as a German surprise attack on Allied Forces along an 80-mile front in the Ardennes Forest of southern Belgium. The Germans initially had a great deal of success in their attack but through a series of Allied counter attacks the Allied Forces were able to cripple the German Forces. The Field Artillery played a crucial role inRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle on the Western Front of World War Two. At the largest point of the battle it involved over 1.1 million men. The battle was started when the Germans launched Operation Watch on the Rhine. The main objective of this operation was to capture the American held harbor of Antwerp which is Belgium. Ever since the invasion of Normandy the allies had had problems bringing supplies up to the front. Every time the Germans left a city with a harbor in it they sabotagedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1712 Words   |  7 Pages Battle of the Bulge Christopher Adams NCOA SLC 15-005 Battle of the Bulge Introduction The Battle of the Bulge, a massive German counteroffensive which began in December 1944, ultimately produced the largest casualty rate in any one battle throughout World War II. The Allied Forces alone lost almost 80,000 at the Battle of the Bulge. This casualty rate could have been much higher if Hitler would’ve grasped the importance and value of supply and logisticalRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1077 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge is remembered as Adolf Hitler’s final effort to escape total defeat during World War II (WWII). His initial efforts were successful, however the Allied force commanders proved superior through there demonstrated adaptive and decisive decision making. These actions helped to overcome the military force and military intelligence failures during the battle. If these failures had been avoided, the Germans would have been defeated much quickerRead MoreBattle of the Bulge1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe battle of the bulge The battle of the bulge was Hitlers last chance to win the war or at least make the allies go for a treaty. He did this because his forces were being pushed back into Germany and soon they would run out of supplies and other resources for war. Hitler thought of this bold plain when he recalled how a German hero Frederick the great was facing defeat, Frederick went on a offensive attack at his foe who had superior numbers but the bold moved worked and Hitler thought heRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1630 Words   |  7 PagesImagine hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in blizzard conditions, both sides fighting for their country, The Battle of the Bulge was one of the largest battles of the war and proved to be one of the most important. Some people ask how the Allied forces were able to stop the seemingly unbeatable Nazi war machine, this battle would be the last major offensive by the Third Reich in attempt to change the tides of the Second World War. The Allied forces were about to be a part of the true terrorsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge stands as the largest battle fought between the Allied and Axis forces on the Western Front during World War II. This battle was a German offensive intended to drive a wedge between the American and British armies in France and the Low Countries and capture the port of Antwerp in the Netherlands to deny the Allies use of the port facilities. The battle also known as the Ardennes Offensive, took place in the Ardennes Forest of Luxembourg and Belgium. The battle waged duringRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1388 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Eisenhower summons 10th Armored Division to Bastogne, Patton exercises disciplined initiative in setting the stage for victory at the Battle of the Bulge. Before Patton is summoned to Verdun, he set the conditions for his forces to break away from the battle in the Saar River Valley and move toward Bastogne. Patton initially protests the order to send the 10th Armored Division to Bastogne. Losing an entire division would weaken his effort to Invade Germany in the Saar. However, Patton finally

Comparing 3 Short Films - 1533 Words

Explore how Stalker-Lewis Farinella(2008), Lovefield-Matthieu Ratthe(2008) and Vanished-NewDawnFilm(2010) conform and deviate from horror genre conventions. The aim of this research investigation into genre is to gain an understanding in the way that horror films are constructed and created to effectively represent the genre to its audience. This will expand my understanding of how technical, audio codes, setting and characterization are frequently used in constructing a piece of media text to either reinforce or deviate from stereotypes and audiences expectations. Bateman states that Audiences are said to like the concept of genre (although we may not identify it by that name) because of its reassuring and familiar promise of†¦show more content†¦This technical code positions the audience to feel suspense created by the situation the characters are in. The narrative structure of a horror films generically follow a linear sequence, showing events within a chronological order enabling the audience to understand the cause and effect of events easily. The idea of narrative is represented in Rayners quote, Narrative ends to be associated with the way a fictional story is told in terms of how events unfold and are revealed to the audience. (Rayner, Wall and Kruger, 2004, pg28) Conforming to this quote is Lovefield the audience can establish the beginning, middle and end events. Propps theory of character functions are used so that the audience can relate to a stereotype as it allows them to identify with the roles of characters and whether they should be emotive towards them. This theory can be easily applied to my other piece of media text, Stalker. On identifying a person as having the identifying media characteristics... we then attribute the stereotypical characteristics to them (P.R. Hinton, 2000, pg7/8) this is highlighted vi sually through props (use of mask) the character is depicted to be the classical villain; he is very masculine and dismissive of the human race. The mask conceals the identity of the person beneath creating an enigma code, however due to previous villains being associated with masks, the audience become fixatedShow MoreRelatedComparing the Shower Scene from Psycho with the Boat Scene from Jaws918 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Shower Scene from Psycho with the Boat Scene from Jaws I have chosen the second question compare the famous shower scene from Psycho with the boat scene from Jaws. How do the directors build up tension here? I am going to compare various things such as camera angles/shots, music, lightning, long and short edits, dramatic irony and sound. Jaws is a film about 3 brave men set out to kill a man eating shark who seems to be unconquerable as it has killedRead MoreThe Music Of Music Videos1557 Words   |  7 Pagestechnologies, social media and politics. Thus, artists throughout time have taken advantage of music videos in order to use it as a site for debates about politics of representation. Nowadays the majority of music videos are transforming and turning into short films and art in order for the artists to express themselves through this function. A music video that illustrates these media contexts is Justin Timberlake’s song â€Å"What Goes Around†. This essay will firstly describe this music video and how it has broadenedRead MoreCommunication : The 3 Idiots1577 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The 3-Idiots.† Brianna Medley CRN: 55723â€Æ' Communication in â€Å"The 3-Idiots.† Communication is the conveyance of messages from one party to another. However, for communication to be effective, it must reach its intended target and achieve the desired results. Therefore, communication is a fundamental factor in the film shooting and development that ensures that the audience receives the intended communication and reacts to the message as expected. According to Taylor Joseph (2009), communicationRead MoreHorror and Figurative Language in The Tell Tale Heart1288 Words   |  6 PagesHorror and Figurative Language in The Tale-Tell Heart Dreadfully chilling, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe is a horrific short story that introduces the reader to an utterly mad narrator who is driven to commit vile and heinous acts because of his unnatural obsession with his roommates, an old man, cataract eye. The narrators madness is revealed instantly, only to be substantiated when he devises a sinister plan to rid himself of the vulture eye forever. After seven nights of watchingRead MoreClimate Change Is A Hot862 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 3: Climate Change Global climate change is a hot (pun intended) topic in today’s modern, industrialized world. This topic however is crowded with lots of baseless opinions and politicized debates. Even when observing the â€Å"facts† we see that this coin is most definitely two-sided, the information can be and is interpreted in a number of ways depending on which side of the issue you stand. Within this paper I am going to examine both sides of argument with sources from two films, â€Å"Are WeRead MoreLetter from and Unknown Woman Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesLetter from an Unknown Woman (Max Ophà ¼ls; 1948 United States) is a melodrama film that revolves around a woman’s love for a man who does not acknowledge her existence. Like the other films Max Ophà ¼ls directed in America, Letter from an Unknown Woman focuses on â€Å"impossible love† (Danks, n.d. p. 98). 1. The Shot The particular shot chosen from the film to analyse is the shot after Lisa Berndle (Joan Fontaine) rejected Lieutenant Leopold von Kaltnegger’s (John Good) proposal, and they walk towards FrauRead MoreThe Illusion Of Popular Culture983 Words   |  4 Pageshas actually created confusion in the eyes of the masses. I will start by comparing the â€Å"Turkish Dance, Ella Lola† which is a short film of a woman dancing made in 1898 with 1850s megastars Madame Clofullia and Jenny â€Å"Swedish Nightingale† Lind, then I will compare the film to the â€Å"New Women† of Barnum and Bailey as well as early 20th century women. In order to fully understand my argument it is necessary to analyze the film by itself. 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The Life of the American Born Free Essays

This paper examines the life of the American born, Tim O’Brien and affirms the way his life influenced his writing techniques. William Timothy, the first of three children, well known as Tim O’Brien is an American Veteran writer, born on October 1, 1946, in Austin, Minnesota, United States of America (Herzog 14). He grew up in Worthington, a small shielded community near the borders of Iowa and South Dakota. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of the American Born or any similar topic only for you Order Now He described himself as a vivid reader when he was young and had a thrilling interest in books and magic trick were evident realities on his storytelling power. This can also be linked to his parents who were enthusiastic readers. In other words, O’Brien must have learned some reading secrets from his parents when he was young. Some of his short and electrifying stories include, â€Å"The things they carried† as well as other classic novels like the war novel, going after Cacciato produced in1978, which indeed made him known best for his writing experience about Vietnam War (Raymond 102). Worthington town similarly played a significant role in nurturing his thoughts while developing the artistic sensibility of his life as an author. He attended Macalester College in 1968 and awarded bachelor’s degree in Political Science. During his time in the institution, he was elected and served as the president of the student’s union in college. Contrary to his criticisms against war, Tim O’Brien was recruited into United States Army and then sent to Vietnam where he served for two years. Following his return from the military service, he resumed his studies and graduated from Harvard University. He then worked shortly as an intern, national affairs reporter at Washington Post up to May 1974. The war experience he gained from his two-year combat inspired his chief publication, titled If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me up and Ship Me Home. O’Brien’s history clearly reveals the depression and misery wrecked on soldiers by the Vietnam War. His mythical work, the things they curried of 1990, (O’Brien 816) is a combination of memoirs and fictitious stories in which he used the philosophical concepts of truth to climax the distinctions between two realms of the facts and the fictions in a unique way (Conan 2010). He incorporated the metaphysical approach attribute in his writing that flavored the quality of his stories. In his story, he exposes the readers to the understanding about the distinction between the truth of a story, the truth of fiction and the happening truth, which is associated with the truth of facts. In confirming the same, he appreciates that a story truth is more associated with emotion, which are also connected with the feelings of the story of fiction. On that pedestal, he adds that the feelings would be more significant, and thus making the story more relevant. Additionally, O’Brien wrote numerous novels based on the war experience he obtained in the army of the United States. He was awarded the 1979 National Book Award for his works on Northern Lights published in1975 and Going after Cacciato of 1978. The novel discusses two brothers against one and another as foils where a brother joined the Vietnam war andanother failed (Raymond 99). Through this, the brothers learned to struggle and comprehend each one’s values and motives. Following his extraordinary influence of Joseph Conrad’s works, he modified Conrad’s concepts of human aptitude for good and evil in his literary works. In his works, O’Brien propounded timeless matter of the subject and its thematic range. He believed in his introversive idea, that literary works not only focus on the current affairs but also anticipates what the future holds for humankind, (Smith 34). Nuclear Age, which was published in 1985 was the third O’Brien’s novel of his literary works and describes much from his personal experience. His expertise in creating an amusing look at the thoughtful character, a young man who was raised under an atomic umbrella, and suffered severely from paranoia as a result of nuclear war. As the story continues, he finds solace in a hole he dug in his backyard attempting to overcome every thought and imagination, which made him uncomfortable. His creativity in writing approach of war blending fact and fiction is comparable to other technical war writers like Michael Herr and inspired eminent figures such as Truman Capote, Norman Mailer and Tom Wolfe. However, key elements of his works encompass the categorization and fascination of emotional subject matters. Owing to this traits, his fictional works are therefore considered to have made an immense impact on the readers of his novels. Other O’Brien’s electrifying works are The Nuclear Age, published in 1985, In the Lakes of The Woods of 1994, Tomcat in Love of 1998 and July, July that was published in 2000, which took the world of literature with a storm. In a span of two years, O’Brien’s short stories The things they curried, received the 1987 National Magazine Award Fiction. The novel was then nominated for 1987, best American Short story. The lake of Woods forms another interesting novel written by O’Brien and published in 1994. It took O’Brien’s works into greater heights by agitating much on guilt, culpability, complicity and the moral courage, (Bates 265). He invents his character John Wade, who is also a Vietnam veteran, aspiring to run for senate position. He later lost slightly as charges on his involvement in the Lai massacre became popular during his campaign trail. O’Brien raises larger inquiries about the fallouts of war and its effects, which was realized after the end of the war, more so when the veterans returned home. He wore James Fenimire Cooper Prize from the Society of American Historians and was selected as the best novel of 1994 by Times Magazine.His most recent Novel, Tomcat in Love, O’Brien generated a Veteran Vietnam protagonist, Tom chippering through a love subject contrary to war. O’Brien describes this as a comic novel about a politically incorrect hero, who was sexy. He strongly believed that his lovers will love the book, and his fans, the so-called junkies, the people who appreciate his writings liked it. He alludes that this was his best book ever and it stole the hearts of many who could not do without reading the novel.In conclusion, O’Brien has won several prestigious awards in his many fictional works and worth being called a veteran in the writing field. His experience in writing the short story novels are highly acknowledged. He is a master of creative storytelling, a manipulator of literary form and one of the most challenging authors in his time with an ample content. His major contributions include the Nuclear Age, In the Lake of Woods, Tomcat in Love and July, July of 20000 More recently, he received $100,000 with the Pritxker Military Library Literature Award. Currently, he teaches at the Texas State University-San Marcos. How to cite The Life of the American Born, Papers

Information Technology - Virtualisation and Online Training Literature

Question : Write a Literature Review for the Topic/Project below following a set structure. The Literature Review is a critical examination of the most relevant, recent and scholarly research on the topic area that is not just a summary of the articles you have read. Literature review Topic/Project: Efficient delivery of IT Networking courses online using virtualisation technologies enabling students to complete practical labs, using virtual machines for servers, networking, and storage. Delivery of classes will be done by using Adobe connect for presenting the lessons and students will login remotely to the NDG Netlab system. The following questions may be useful while reviewing the topic: 1. What is the new technology? Virtualisation / Online delivery/teaching 2. What does it do and what are the special features it has? Enable students to complete practical IT networking labs using virtual 3. When is it coming out in the market and how much will it cost? 4. What industry will the new technology affect? (Medical, agricultural, computer, business, etc.). 5. In your opinion, will the new technology be beneficial to society? Why or why not. 6. What did you learn from a critical analysis of your sources of information on this new technology? Answer: Literature Review Introduction A server is a machine used by a couple of customers for a specific undertaking or a couple of tricks. The benefits of web servers fuse rule place, ability to control the air circulation and cooling framework, strong data sparing and speed. For example, a make server can remove the necessity for each customer to have an individual printing device. This would upgrade the execution of using framework printing contraption and diminish the cost of keeping a couple of photo printers. Application web servers, while like record web servers, are stand-out in that they run exe programs from the spot. By using task web servers, expenses of writing computer programs are diminished (Sportack, 1998). Reports joined with virtualization range from exhibiting vital musings and the key researching this development to more creative capacities of dealing with the execution framework and the intentional strategies to working with creation endeavours. Pretty much all these reviews were released in return dispersion and made by the masters (Hayes, 2008) (Kovar, 2008). Background The connection between web servers and data structures are one of the key drivers for server organisation expenses, even, for instance, LANs. For an impressive time span, rotor edges have been the choice as the framework back-plane. The affiliation issues associated with rotor edges oblige IT specialists to get charmed at whatever point a current cutting edge was changed or another is arranged up. This participation obliged groups of engineering exercises to ensure the effect to the association was lessened and subsequently lost tremendous measures of your essentialness and effort for those dazzled. The more prepared sharpened steel web servers experienced from Fibre Route rates which in the workplace constrained the reliability. With a particular deciding objective to move past the perfect action, IT division would need to over-give affiliation which provoked under used systems in this way occurring as a piece of a waste of sources (Hassell, 2007). There are two responses for improvement; razor sharp edge web servers or virtualization. The edge web servers are a parts cure while virtualization is the application cure. The edge option allows each server to have their own particular processor and limit however can confer power gives, wiring and storage space. The application virtualization basically private pools the server sources and allocates those sources as required in a merrier manner. There are affiliations who may pick the sections way and also distinctive affiliations who may pick the application way. At times the two can be used together to supplement each other (Goodchild, 2006) (Dubie, 2007). Servers use working structure to support the few errands that are required of a server. With the measure of framework control obliged, a multi-tasking OS is the most all regular cure. Since web servers require various probability meets expectations, the OS will handle strategy seizure, system concern, semaphores (i.e. synchronisation structures used to keep wanders from beating into distinctive exercises when inspecting an advantage), and compelling storage space control despite others (Orfali, 1994). Virtualization can be seen as IT resource showcasing. There are four areas to resource upgrade: clarification which is the departure of slack from the framework and match costs with honest to goodness needs, advancing, which is the supplement to light by changing authentic necessities to build execution and budgetary techniques of degree, combining which is the technique of mixing data or ventures attempting to fabricate source utilise ultimately virtualization which is the procedure of mixing a couple of working system pictures into a singular virtualized structure, giving financial frameworks of range in source utilisation while keeping up a part between utilitarian surroundings (Hillier, 2006). Results Storage space virtualization allows all hard circles on the framework to act like one significant offer of limit pushes. This upgrades the viability of limit by engaging data records to be saved wherever there is space, as opposed to enabling a couple of pushes to go under used. With virtualization pushes can be fused or balanced on the fly after the virtualization application will reconfigure the system and the influenced web servers. Reflecting the picture and move down are speedier since the fundamental information that is replicated is the information that was modified. Such limit will amazingly reduce the masterminded recovery time in view of managing these exercise (Gruman, 2007). Virtualization application grants relationship to use one genuine server with the limit of giving the viability of a couple of web servers. Without virtualization, divisions obliging more sources would need to get the cost of extra devices recognised, copied when to demand and get, then set up. Virtualization grants IT Supervisors to assemble sources by mixing them on a lone server (Mullins, 2007). With virtualization, new tasks will be made available inside several minutes and without the expense of extra contraptions. VMware declares that one server can be a uniting of 10-15 amassing frameworks. But a couple of undertakings are stamped as non-mission earnest, when an impressive measure of customers are influenced it becomes target crucial (Conry-Murray, 2007). Investigation reveals that with virtualization, various current systems dealing with the utilisation/organisation of IS errands may not work anymore. For example, Microsoft association is known for its OS. Yet with virtualization the OS is not as a basic issue as it used to be. Outcast suppliers making undertakings can use a select atmosphere and run their own specific micro kernels which remove the standard OS. Since the hyper visor is transforming into the delegate of the information centre, suppliers are making their levels to tap clearly into the hyper visor. This does not by and large keep up a vital separation from the reliance on OS, in any case it does restrict its impact. To perceive how to deal with the execution of a virtualization meander, we should begin by separating the circumstances at Triton Techniques Inc. The relationship at present has 40 web servers supporting the needs of all customers. These web servers mixture in age from one season to five numerous years old. All web servers have an assertion of five decades and in light of the basic characteristics of the unobtrusive components they contain, the web servers are changed just before confirmation ending. As new web servers are relied upon to be bought, they are considering acquiring web servers which will allow them to make use of server virtualization (Thibodeau, 2007). VMWare VMware is the top virtualization cure into concern. Economic analysts revealed that 80% of affiliations overhauling use by using virtualization select VMware application when using x86 web servers. VMware gives a site-recovery executive which allows IT administrator to duplicate contraptions pretty much at distinctive spots. The organisation part enabling the flexibility to place unobtrusive components in a distant site or locales would be covered to the customers. A substitute possible cure is the "Windows Server virtualization from Microsoft affiliation, which will be moved the last 50 percent of 2008 as an additional to its Microsoft windows Server 2008 (Mullins, 2007). VMware has asserted itself a capable cure that Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Dell each have arrangement of embedding virtualization application in their x86 web servers. This will mull over less perplexing foundation for affiliations fancied to use world class web servers. It has announces that four out of five affiliations using virtualization application are using VMware. It is seen as that business creative advancement expert would need to buy from virtualization application suppliers as opposed to framework organisation suppliers. Some analysis condition that one in five affiliations use select application from more than one source with a third uncovering that when using a couple of different suppliers, issues are presented. For all these uncovered results, the VMware cure was executed by organisation at Triton Systems (Smith, 2007). Nevertheless, there have a couple of issues with VMware virtualization meander. These join a substitute strategy for dealing with the drives, in which IT delegates won't have the ability to duplicate aggregates with obliged information reports however must duplicate the certified information records for move down. An exchange issue happens with foundation. Mind must be brought when working with uncommon and low gainfulness pushes. On the off chance that lower viability pushes are the greater part of a sudden position in tip top specific web servers, this could restrain the general profit, for instance, discriminating applications. While using virtualization resources is not troublesome, it is basically an exchange course than what most IT authorities have wound up commonplace to. Selecting the benefit storage space structure is moreover dire. There are two options, framework based which are used by server-based application or group based which generally will be a bit of storage space store. The snare to group based is the prerequisite for degree storage space must be obtained which may make a sumptuous source lock-in. Framework based is in every way the most versatile and can be dealt with from wherever offered they are open by method for the "storage area network (SAN)". Research strategies Administrator of IT structure at Welch's, George Scangas, said had Welch's not had virtualization, they would have expected to make an alternate information centre which could have expenses of the phenomenal six numbers. By using virtualization, Scangas tagged there is a fast esteem focal points from using less wire as a piece of extension to the measure of imperativeness, yet other information doesn't agree with this, and holder spread set away. It is approximated that Welch's secured in any occasion $300,000 in parts costs alone, not, for instance, the decreased imperativeness receipt due to the necessity for cooling the system. Welch's shortly meets expectations 100 particular devices and they predict to incorporate an extra 10 or 20 in the accompanying one fourth. Scangas indicated his accreditation has reached out with VMware as their mechanical advancement makes such that they are all the more enthusiastic to position business-segregating applications on VMware. An analysis by In July 2007, The Strategic Council, uncovered that 45% of associations regarded their virtualization plans failed. To make that investigation a stride further, more than one fourth did not see a pay and short of what ten hit their focused quality preferences. With such a wreck of being said, Virtualization is not going wherever and there is wish that when Microsoft association all in all makes its get to will give an extra extend and stimulate all the additionally grasping of the mechanical advancement (Watson, 2007). Some analysis declares a vital issue that may be overlooked is the mind blowing affirmation of essentialness other than to the unprecedented finish of listen to when using an authentic server encouraging the virtualized web servers. Virtualized web servers control the portions to run at better pay thus criticality the obliged imperativeness goes up as does the consequence of hotness. Going down the web servers in a virtualized environment is an exchange issue to consider before virtualization. The measure of data could be astounding. Without a feasible SAN, securing would be amazingly steadily and lacking. Security can be more troublesome in a virtualized concentrated around the way that it must be down on two levels; the prohibitive device and the bona fide mixture theories. On the off chance that the honest to goodness collection server were to wind up impacted, all specific devices being utilised by that server would be affected. In consolidation, an affected contraption may make obliteration on the authentic server along these lines bringing on issues on other select contraptions utilising that same blended pack. Exactly when running after application on virtualized web servers, profit can be impacted due to the use of accommodating memory and the CPU periods which may be acclimatised by the prohibitive contraptions. It is recommended that the sources used by taking after application be measured to ensure they can be saved (Marshall, 2007). Conclusion VMware is a remedy that Triton should give bona fide concern. While this shows Microsoft association will be continuing moving ahead with their virtualization application, it will must be debugged for truly a while period. VMware has authoritatively experienced most debugging strategies and has been insisted viably in various associations. VMware has high rewards from some tremendous mechanical advancement relationship like Dell and HP. There are moreover relationship like Stratus who are advancing their server systems which flourish on the massiveness of up-time close by VMware. Examination has certified that few affiliations have beneficially settled VMware virtualization. Regardless of the way that examination have some adversarial info, the positive does over-shadow the unfavourable. With the focuses of a hyper visor that won't require an OS each say, reveals up the sorts of undertakings which can be run. Right when considering the VMware virtualization application, it is also pr oposed to execute two twofold connection, quad-focus processor chips. The will give a good esteem execution if used as a piece of rack-mounted or sharpened steel web servers. All the proposals gave in regulating effects zone may give as the typical manual for association considering the virtualization exercises to grow the likelihood of capably applying the meander. Additional frameworks working with storage space and system virtualization will be the centres of our investigation later on. References Conry-Murray, A. (2007). Virtualization Smackdown! Information Week, 10(15), 35-44. Dubie, D. (2007). Managing virtualized servers is no easy task. Network World, 24(3), 43-46. Goodchild, J. (2006). Virtualization software or blade servers: Which is right for server consolidation? Server Virtualization News. Gruman, G. (2007). Storage Virtualization Takes Off. CIO, 20(23), 27-31. Hassell, J. (2007). Server Virtualization: Getting Started,. Computerworld, 41(22), 31. Hayes, F. (2008). Face-off: Virtualization Takes Center Stage: Virtual Stride. Computerworld, 42(1), 22-24. Hillier, A. (2006). A Quantitative and Analytical Approach to Server Consolidation. Kovar, J. (2008). Server Virtualization. VARBusiness, 24(2), 38. Marshall, D. K. (2007). The new world of virtualization. Retrieved from bitpipe: https://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1181589520_238.html?asrc=PAR_AFL_HIGHBEAM Mullins, R. (2007). VMwares flying high, but. Network World, 24(35). Orfali, R. H. (1994). Essential Client/Server Survival Guide. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Smith, L. (2007). The Reality of Going Virtual. InformationWeek, 1125, 49-52. Sportack, M. A. (1998). Networking Essentials. Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. Thibodeau, P. (2007). VMware Offers Virtualization on A Server Platter. Computerworld, 41(38), 11. Watson, B. (2007). Virtuzliations Time to Roll. Baseline, 77, 11-12.

Market Segments free essay sample

JUST THE BASICS This chapter looks further into key customer-driven marketing strategy decisions—how to divide up markets into meaningful customer groups (segmentation), choose which customer groups to serve (targeting), create market offerings that best serve targeted customers (differentiation), and positioning the offerings in the minds of consumers (positioning). Then, the chapters that follow explore the tactical marketing tools—the Four Ps—by which marketers bring these strategies to life. INTRODUCTION Best Buy: Embracing the Angels and Ditching the Demons. Best Buy set out to identify its best customers and win their loyalty by serving them better. At the same time, it identifies less attractive customers and began to send them packing. To better differentiate itself in a crowded marketplace, Best Buy needed to stake out is own turn – to identify its best customers and serve them in ways that no discount on online competitor could. Rather than trying to make all customers happy all of the time, Best Buy segmented its market and sharpened it’s positioning. This resulted in what they term â€Å"customer centricity. How has this worked for Best Buy? Very well. They have designed a customer-driven marketing strategy that builds the right relationships with the right customers. Market segmentation involves dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Market targeting (or targeting) consists of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more market segments to enter. Differentiation involves actually differentiating the firm’s market offering to create superior customer value. Positioning consists of arranging for a market offering to occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. MARKET SEGMENTATION Through market segmentation, companies divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their unique needs. Segmenting Consumer Markets Geographic Segmentation Geographic segmentation calls for dividing the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, counties, cities, or even neighborhoods. Demographic Segmentation Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, and nationality. Demographic factors are the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups. Age and LifeCycle Stage is offering different products or using different marketing approaches for different age and lifecycle groups. Gender segmentation has long been used in clothing, cosmetics, toiletries, and magazines. Income segmentation has long been used by the marketers of products and services such as automobiles, clothing, cosmetics, financial services, and travel. Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic segmentation divides buyers into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Marketers use personality variables to segment markets. Behavioral Segmentation Behavioral segmentation divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses to a product. Occasion segmentation is grouping buyers according to occasions when they get the idea to buy, actually make their purchase, or use the purchased item. Benefit segmentation is grouping buyers according to the different benefits that they seek from the product. User Status is segmenting markets into nonusers, ex-users, potential users, first-time users, and regular users of a product. Usage Rate is grouping markets into light, medium, and heavy product users. Loyalty Status is dividing buyers into groups according to their degree of loyalty. Using Multiple Segmentation Bases Marketers rarely limit their segmentation analysis to only one or a few variables. PRIZM NE (one of the leading segmentation systems) classifies every American household based on a host of demographic factors. Segmenting Business Markets Consumer and business marketers use many of the same variables to segment their markets. Business marketers also use some additional variables, such as customer operating characteristics, purchasing approaches, situational factors, and personal characteristics. Many marketers believe that buying behavior and benefits provide the best basis for segmenting business markets. Segmenting International Markets Companies can segment international markets using one or a combination of several variables. * Geographic factors: Nations close to one another will have many common traits and behaviors. * Economic factors: Countries may be grouped by population income levels or by their overall level of economic development. * Political and legal factors: Type and stability of government, receptivity to foreign firms, monetary regulations, and the amount of bureaucracy. * Cultural factors: Grouping markets according to common languages, religions, values and attitudes, customs, and behavioral patterns. Intermarket segmentation is segmenting of consumers who have similar needs and buying behavior even though they are located in different countries. Requirements for Effective Segmentation To be useful, market segments must be: Measurable: The size, purchasing power, and profiles of the segments can be measured. Accessible: The market segments can be effectively reached and served. Substantial: The market segments are large or profitable enough to serve. Differentiable: The segments are conceptually distinguishable and respond differently to different marketing mix elements and programs. Actionable: Effective programs can be designed for attracting and serving the segments. MARKET TARGETING Evaluating Market Segments In evaluating different market segments, a firm must look at three factors: 1. Segment size and growth, 2. Segment structural attractiveness, and 3. Company objectives and resources. The largest, fastest-growing segments are not always the most attractive ones for every company. The company also needs to examine major structural factors that affect long-run segment attractiveness. * A segment is less attractive if it already contains many strong and aggressive competitors. The existence of many actual or potential substitute products may limit prices and the profits. * The relative power of buyers also affects segment attractiveness. * A segment may be less attractive if it contains powerful suppliers who can control prices. Selecting Target Market Segments A target market consists of a set of buyers who share common needs or characteristics that the com pany decides to serve. Undifferentiated Marketing Using an undifferentiated marketing (or mass-marketing) strategy, a firm might decide to ignore market segment differences and target the whole market with one offer. This mass-marketing strategy focuses on what is common in the needs of consumers rather than on what is different. Differentiated Marketing Using a differentiated marketing (or segmented marketing) strategy, a firm decides to target several market segments and designs separate offers for each. Concentrated Marketing Using a concentrated marketing (or niche marketing) strategy, instead of going after a small share of a large market, the firm goes after a large share of one or a few smaller segments or niches. It can market more effectively by fine-tuning its products, prices, and programs to the needs of carefully defined segments. It can market more efficiently, targeting its products or services, channels, and communications programs toward only consumers that it can serve best and most profitably. Micromarketing Micromarketing is the practice of tailoring products and marketing programs to suit the tastes of specific individuals and locations. Micromarketing includes local marketing and individual marketing. Local marketing involves tailoring brands and promotions to the needs and wants of local customer groups—cities, neighborhoods, and even specific stores. Local marketing has drawbacks. It can drive up manufacturing and marketing costs by reducing economies of scale. * It can create logistics problems. * The brand’s overall image might be diluted if the product and message vary too much in different localities. Individual marketing is the tailoring of products and marketing programs to the needs and preferences of individual customers. Individual marketing has also been labeled one-to-one ma rketing, mass customization, and markets-of-one marketing. Choosing a Targeting Strategy Which strategy is best depends on: * Company resources. * Product variability. Product’s life-cycle stage. * Market variability. * Competitors’ marketing strategies. Socially Responsible Target Marketing Target marketing sometimes generates controversy and concern. Issues usually involve the targeting of vulnerable or disadvantaged consumers with controversial or potentially harmful products. Problems arise when marketing adult products to kids, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The growth of the Internet and other carefully targeted direct media has raised concerns about potential targeting abuses. The issue is not so much who is targeted, but how and for what. Controversies arise when marketers attempt to profit when they unfairly target vulnerable segments or target them with questionable products or tactics. Socially responsible marketing calls for segmentation and targeting that serve not just the interests of the company, but also the interests of those targeted. DIFFERENTIATION AND POSITIONING Value proposition: How a company will create differentiated value for targeted segments and what positions it wants to occupy in those segments. A product’s position is the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes. Positioning Maps Perceptual positioning map show consumer perceptions of their brands versus competing products on important buying dimensions. Choosing a Differentiation and Positioning Strategy The differentiation and positioning task consists of three steps: 1. Identifying a set of differentiating competitive advantages upon which to build a position, 2. Choosing the right competitive advantages, and 3. Selecting an overall positioning strategy. 1. Identifying Possible Value Differences and Competitive Advantages To the extent that a company can differentiate and position itself as providing superior customer value, it gains competitive advantage. It can differentiate along the lines of product, services, channels, people, or image. 2. Choosing the Right Competitive Advantages How Many Differences to Promote Ad man Rosser Reeves believes a company should develop a unique selling proposition (USP) for each brand and stick to it. Other marketers think that companies should position themselves on more than one differentiator. Which Differences to Promote A difference is worth establishing to the extent that it satisfies the following criteria: Important: The difference delivers a highly valued benefit to target buyers. Distinctive: Competitors do not offer the difference, or the company can offer it in a more distinctive way. * Superior: The difference is superior to other ways that customers might obtain the same benefit. Communicable: The difference is communicable and visible to buyers. Preemptive: Competitors cannot easily copy the difference. Affordable: Buyers can afford to pay for the difference. Profitable: The company can introduce the difference profitably. 3. Selecting an Overall Positioning Strategy The full positioning of a brand is called the brand’s value proposition. More for More positioning involves providing the most upscale product or service and charging a higher price to cover the higher costs. More for the Same positioning involves introducing a brand offering comparable quality but at a lower price. The Same for Less positioning can be a powerful value proposition—everyone likes a good deal. Less for Much Less positioning is offering products that offer less and therefore cost less. â€Å"Less-for-much-less† positioning involves meeting consumers’ lower performance or quality requirements at a much lower price. More for Less positioning is the winning value proposition. In the long run, companies will find it very difficult to sustain such best-of-both positioning. Developing a Positioning Statement Company and brand positioning should be summed up in a positioning statement. The statement should follow the form: To (target segment and need) our (brand) is (concept) that (point of difference). Communicating and Delivering the Chosen Position Once it has chosen a position, the company must take strong steps to deliver and communicate the desired position to target consumers. All the company’s marketing mix efforts must support the positioning strategy. Discussing the Issues 1. List and briefly describe the four major steps in designing a customer-driven marketing strategy. 2. Discuss the behavioral variables used to segment buyers and provide an example of each. 3. Explain how companies segment international markets. 4. Name and describe the characteristics of useful market segments. 5. In the context of marketing, what is a product’s â€Å"position†? How do marketers know what it is? Under the Hood: Marketing Technology When you think of hybrid or electric automobiles, you probably think don’t think â€Å"sports car. But the Fisker Karma is about to shatter that stereotype. It’s been called the hybrid with â€Å"sex appeal† and is often compared to a Mercedes-Benz roadster. During the haughty Rolex Monterey Historic Automobile Races, it was seen cruising around Monterey, California with the likes of Ferraris and Lamborghinis. In the increasingly crowded field of new-generation electric vehicles, Fisker Automotive wants to carve out a niche as a high-performance eco-car with lots of style. The creator, Henrik Fisker, was formerly head of design at Aston Martin. The Fisker Karma goes from 0 to 60 in six seconds, can go 125 miles per hour, and can travel 50 miles on electric power and 300 miles on combined electric and gasoline power. All this performance and style does not come cheaply, however. Prices range from $87,900 to $106,000. The company already has orders from 1,400 buyers. If this is above your means, don’t worry—the company is promising a lower-priced, mass-market version for the rest of us in a few years. 1. On what basis is Fisker Automotive segmenting the automobile market? Is the company using a single segmentation approach or a combined approach? Explain. 2. What market targeting strategy is Fisker pursuing with this automobile? How is the company differentiating its automobile and which value proposition is it using? Staying on the Road: Marketing Ethics In 2009 Anheuser-Busch launched the Bud Light â€Å"Fan Can,† a promotion that included 27 different color combinations of its cans in college team colors. For example, students at Louisiana State University could purchase purple-and-gold cans of Bud Light. Anheuser-Busch timed the campaign, called â€Å"Team Pride,† to coincide with students returning to campus and with the kickoff of the football season. Several schools, such as Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa State, University of Colorado, and others, objected strenuously. As a result, Anheuser-Busch halted the program in those markets. The promotion also caught the attention of the Federal Trade Commission. Both the FTC and college officials are concerned about the high rate of underage and binge drinking on college campuses. Some school officials also were concerned about trademark infringements, and about the appearance that they support Budweiser’s activities. As criticism brewed around the country, A-B released a statement claiming that it did not mean to encourage underage drinking—it just wanted to create more fun for sports fans. Although the company halted the promotion in areas where college officials objected, controversy surrounding the promotion appeared in newspapers and on television nationwide. 1. What type of market targeting strategy is Anheuser-Busch using with the Team Pride promotion? 2. Was this a wise promotion? Explain. Rough Road Ahead: Marketing and the Economy Vanilla Bikes Portland-based Vanilla Bicycles sells hand-built bikes with price tags ranging from $4,000 to $12,000. Now, after only nine years in business, owner Sacha White has stopped taking orders – not because business had dried up but because he has a five-year waiting list. White and his crew of three make only 40 to 50 bikes a year. Frames are made from exotic metals, are welded with silver alloy, and weigh as little as 30 ounces. No two Vanilla bikes are the same. Each is custom fitted to the client and features intricate metal carvings and an artisan paint job. Amazingly, almost all of these high-end velocipedes are sold to middle-class customers. Still, orders have not ebbed with the economic downturn. In fact, Vanilla could ramp up production significantly and still sell everything it makes. However, White claims that would compromise the special nature of what customers consider to be works of art. Vanilla bikes are so special that when Portland bike couriers describe something as cool, they routinely say, â€Å"That’s soooo Vanilla. † 1. Based on the segmentation variables discussed in the chapter, construct a profile for Vanilla Bicycle’s probable target market. 2. Given that most luxury products suffer in an economic downturn, why has Vanilla still succeeded?