Essay on Advertising and Obesity in America - 2871 Words

The fast food industry is one of the largest sectors of the United States economy. Companies such as Burger King, Wendys, Taco Bell, McDonalds and KFC have all become household names. Each of these companies operates under a similar mission statement: to serve a quick, filling meal for a very low cost. The primary marketing medium for these companies is television where via commercials, they can portray both their products and a lifestyle. Their intense advertising focus on minorities and children, however, has begun to exacerbate the epidemic of obesity that is sweeping our nation. Fast foods televised advertising is a significant contributor to obesity in todays minority youth. By promoting unhealthy tendencies and†¦show more content†¦Of that $486.3 million spent on commercials, just under half was focused on advertisements directly targeting children. Another analysis recently found that ?US companies spent $3.5 billion on fast-food advertisements.? The problem i s not just the advertising alone, but rather the amount of advertising that its? target audiences are subjected to. The average adult watches close to 1,500 hours of television each year; the average child watching just over 3 hours daily. This accumulates to the average child watching over 20,000 commercials each year (Singer 447). Fast food advertisers have also known children should be a separate, focused advertising market since the 1960?s and that often, the restaurant choice is made by the child, and then paid for by the adult (Singer 449). Because ?[children] lack the ability to differentiate between commercial and non-commercial content? they are vulnerable to the advertising of these companies (Lancet 2064). Moreover, by fast food chains convincing the youth worldwide that their food is the best tasting and the most fun to eat, they are creating a subconscious attraction to their company with the child. People that grew up with fast food advertising have a subconsciou s connection to the restaurant that they ate at as a child. This discreet bond also quickly penetrates children?s minds, and affects their decision to choose a meal. In 2007, The Food Commission published a study that reported ?half of 9-10Show MoreRelatedDoes Advertising Unhealthy Food to Children in America Cause Obesity?2106 Words   |  9 PagesDoes Advertising Unhealthy Food to Children in America Cause Obesity? Executive Summary Since the 1970’s the United States has been witness to a growing epidemic of childhood obesity tripling and in some instances quadrupling. Due to this major health concern it is believed that the advertising of unhealthy foods is the cause of childhood obesity in America. Majority of the advertising is done via television, which promotes fast food or â€Å"junk food† and is usually lowRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween childhood obesity and advertising. There has been a rise in childhood obesity in the past few years and many believe, and have evidence to support, that it is partly because of unregulated advertisements aimed towards children. The health of a child is very important childhood obesity is something to be concerned about. The definition of childhood obesity is: having a body mass index above the normal range for age and sex in children. The definition of childhood obesity may not sound veryRead MoreObesi ty : Obesity And Obesity1472 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in our society continues to grow at an alarming rate. America is the richest country but has the largest population of obese people in the world. â€Å"Nearly 36.5% of American’s are obese (Adult Obesity Facts).† It is important to note that obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of â€Å"30% or more† (The Socioeconomic Causes of Obesity). People become obese over times for many reasons like feeling there is less of a need to exercise and eat healthy. There are also more fast food selectionsRead MoreObesity And The American Health Care System914 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is an epidemic that is putting uncomfortable strains on the American health care system. With just under two-thirds of the American adult population being overweight or obese, a lot of time and effort has gone into uncovering the causes of this rise in the weights of American citizens. Several theories have been devel oped to help solve the mystery of America’s rising size. Obesity cannot be traced back to a single factor, but rather many aspects have contributed to the rise of obesity inRead MoreChildhood Obesity Affects The Children s Emotional Health1717 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity has been a crucial global concern for the past years, especially in the United States. Obesity within children has become a concern because it can develop multiple health risks. Although some of the health risks can be treated, there are many that could follow them for a lifetime. Some of the health risks could be minor, but many of the health issues are deadly. Childhood obesity has been related to affecting the majority of the child’s main body systems. For example, childhoodRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Children s Obesity Rate1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Advertising on Children’s Obesity Rate It has come down to this, there is an obesity epidemic. It s like people can’t stop themselves from eating so much. Well, I guess eating isn t necessarily the big problem here... It s the type of food that people are consuming, fast food. America tops the list of world s most obese countries. It s just sad and something needs to be done about it. The worst part is that there are so many children being affected by obesity. According to CDCRead MoreObesity Epidemic Of The United States Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesRecent Obesity Outbreak in America Obesity has rapidly emerged as a serious health issue in America. The cause of obesity results from America’s social injustices. Today, food advertisements are in all places promoting an unhealthy lifestyle. Considering the great expense of healthy foods, low income families can barely afford fruits and vegetables. These two factors contribute to the increasing obesity rate in the United States. Unfortunately, it has taken an excessive amount of Americans to becomeRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Developing Problem1197 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in America is a developing problem, and not just in adults. Today, one in three American children and teens are either overweight or obese; almost triple the rate previously in 1963. Child obesity has expeditiously become one of the most genuine health challenges of the 21st century (â€Å"10 Surprising Facts About Childhood Obesity†). Physical inactivity, race, junk food in schools, the mass media, and the child’s pare nts flaws are all factors that have resulted in the prevalence of childhoodRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The United States991 Words   |  4 PagesNine hundred sixty three million dollars was spent this year by McDonalds on advertising. This is up 8 percent from last year. The sad truth is that the number of fast-food ads produced each year is increasing, as well as the percentage of obese people in the United States. Advertisements of high in sugar and calorie foods are almost directly related to obesity within America. There needs to be a stop to this epidemic. Companies spend vast amounts of money to put out an enormous amount of ads. ManyRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesIn America right now, more 68.8% of Americans are considered to be overweight or obese. About half are obese, with a number close to 35.7%. And even worse, more than 6.3% percent of America’s population has extreme obesity. These statistics keep rising, with a prediction that all fifty states will have obesity rates above 44% by 2030, with some as high as 66.7% (Hellmich). So what is obesity? Obesity is defined as being about thirty pounds over a healthy weight. The â€Å"healthy weight† depends on several

Fate The King The Theme Of Fate - 903 Words

In Oedipus the king the theme of fate is a crucial element that carries through the entire tragic play. It decides everything that leads up to the crucial events just like in real life, we each have a fate that we must meet.. No matter what, you can not escape your fate and pre determined destiny. His life was pre determined from birth and was given tragic life by the Gods. He was chosen for a specific reason to have this fate and learning how to cope and handle this throughout the play. Fate is a crucial element that often occurs frequently in Greek writing. Throughout the play Oedipus tries to change his fate. He found out that no matter what he did that his fate was sealed and there was no escaping that fate. His fate was predicted down to, he would kill his father, Laius and marry and have sexual relations with his mother, Jocasta. Oedipus wants to invade this entire situation once he learns what his fate is told to be by three oracles. â€Å"OEDIPUS Let the storm burst, my fixed resolve still holds,To learn my lineage, be it ne er so low.It may be she with all a woman s pride Thinks scorn of my base parentage. But I Who rank myself as Fortune s favorite child,The giver of good gifts, shall not be shamed. She is my mother and the changing moons My brethren, and with them I wax and wane. Thus sprung why should I fear to trace my birth? Nothing can make me other than I am. (1077-1086) (Shmoop).† Oedipus is trying his hardest to escape this fate. Oedipus had aShow MoreRelatedFate : The King The Theme Of Fate1068 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King the theme of fate is a crucial element that carries throughout the entire tragic play. It decides everything that leads up to the crucial events just like in real life, we each have a fate that we must meet.. No matter what, you cannot escape your fate and predetermined destiny. His life was predetermined from birth and was given tragic life by the Gods. He was chosen for a specific reason to have this fate and learning how to cope and handle this throughout the play. Fate is a crucialRead MoreTheme Of Fate In Oedipus The King778 Words   |  4 PagesThe greek myth told by Sophocles, Oedipus The King. Along with George Lucas’s popular modern film The Empire Strikes Back, a part of the Star Wars trilogy address questions that have been prevalent from the Ancient greeks and are still being pondered today. Both tales address Fate. In Oedipus The King, our protagonist Oedipus is constantly living with dreadful prophecies that are inevitable to prevent. While Luke Skywalker deals with his fate to become a Jedi Master. Likewise these stories deal withRead MoreThemes Of Guilt In Macbeth711 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth is a story written by Shakespear filled with many different themes. These themes are statements about life and human nature. Some of the most important themes are guilt, things are not what they seem, fate versus free will, and nature versus the unnatural. All of these themes were important to us and the story. The first theme of guilt is a message that says that you should not commit wrong doing and suffer the consequences. In Macbeth guilt is shown in many different ways but one of theRead MoreMacbeth Theme Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pageswife kill the king of Scotland so Macbeth can become king. As a result, of the witches since they told him about the prophecy and how he would become king. He eventually does more evil things which fills Lady Macbeth with guilt. She ends up killing herself and Macbeth ends up dying. In the play, there are numerous of themes that you can see and examples that you can find. There are five themes that we have discussed in class which are ambition, guilt, things are not what they seem, fate versus freeRead MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. O edipus Rex and Othello share a common thematic link in fact that both main characters meet the qualifications of a tragic hero at some point, the differences in how they meet Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero also create themes unique to each. Othello and Oedipus are similar in the requirements to be tragic heroes of havingRead MoreFate And Fate In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight741 Words   |  3 PagesFate, many people believe in it, while others believe that it is completely untrue. There is an unstoppable force about fate, no matter what someone does fate will take its course. Throughout many stories a characters fate is illustrated at the end of the story, but sometimes their fate may have a positive or negative effect. In the epic poem Beowulf, the hero battles many enemies and at the same time discovering his destinies. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain must be able to meet hisRead MoreAllusion In Antigone And Cleopatra826 Words   |  4 PagesDanaà « and Cleopatra, two royal women who suffered similar fates to Antigone, the chorus sympathizes with her.   In the first stanza of the ode, they allude to Danaà «, saying â€Å"even she endured a fate like yours, / (. . .) buried within her tomb† (1 036-1040).   Through this allusion to Perseus’s mother, who suffered in an underwater tower, the chorus praises Antigone for her fortitude and shows their support for her through their horror for her fate.   When they reference â€Å"the princes doomed at birth/ andRead MoreMacbeth Themes899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What are the major themes in Macbeth† By Connor Maguire William Shakespeare’s Macbeth a play complete with many themes and viewpoints. The themes are exhibited by the main characters of the play, notably antagonist Macbeth. Themes seen in the play include ambition, where is is portrayed as both dangerous and unnatural. However, it does exist in both good and evil forms in the play. Another theme seen is whether Macbeths actions in the play are a result of fate, or free will. Although outsideRead MoreTheme Of Fate In The Kite Runner743 Words   |  3 Pagesis the main theme in both texts. Starting off with The Kite Runner, there are more clues of fate than those in Oedipus Rex’s story. For example, the simple kites in the story represent fate and prophecy pointing out themes from the beginning. Amir and Hassan had always been best friends, like brothers. They played together they had a unique bond as they were together all the time. They even fed from the same breast. It turned out that they were half brothers, making it fate that they hadRead MoreThe Themes Of Ambition In Shakespeares Macbeth853 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different themes displayed in Shakespeares famous play Macbeth. Many of these themes play with nature, the supernatural, and fate. From ghosts to horses eating each other the play uses symbolism, language, and characters to portray these themes. During the play the audience learns of several themes such as ambition, guilt, fate versus free will, nature versus the unnatural, and how things are not always as they seem. Anyone who has read or seen Macbeth knows that his great undoing

Case Study of Hullaballo- Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Analyse Complex Ethical Problems Similar to Those Which You Might Encounter in the IT Industry. Answer: Introduction The following case study is all about Hullaballo.com which is a new arrival in the online news business industry. This business is setup in a country that overlook laws stated by international bodies governing various subjects like protection of privacy and censorship. A recent graduate Jimmy Olsen form the IT department off Griffith University is looking for a job. By somehow he come across an ad for web developer by Hullaballoo.com. Jimmy is successful in securing a job as a web developer in the firm and the pay is quite enough for the job. Hullaballoo has a bad image in front of its clients. Jimmy needed the job so he swallow his concern and carried on developing websites for this fake news service firm. As jimmy is a tech guy, he decided to check the background of this website. On checking he found that this website is paid a good amount of money for spreading false new stories. This news firm is gets money to spread positive news for the client and negative news for the competitors of the client. This particular business firm introduced the concept of Native Advertising. After that Jimmy left the job and joined an ecommerce firm where he has a conflict with his boss Alec on judging the performance of his two developers. After that Jimmy again left the job and joined a competitor firm where he is treated with expensive meal and fine wine. Analysis Legal factors Factor 1 Unethical news in the following case study, the online news firm Hullaballoo.com gets money to spread positive publicity for their client and negative publicity for the competitor of the client. The term Native Advertising is introduced to Jimmy which focuses to create false advertisement as a news. Native Advertising is nothing but a response to large number of people using ad blockers on their web browsers. This is a legal factor as per the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 which govern working of news channel. Factor 2, Confidentiality and Privacy in the case study, Jimmy decided to do some digging into the background of this online news firm Hullaballoo.com. During his digging he found that one his employer has connection with a marketing firm with various clients ranging from political parties to advertising firms. These advertising agencies and political parties has the business of selling consumer service and goods. This is a legal factor as per the federal Privacy Act 1988 of Australia which govern the confidentiality and privacy of different firms. Factor 3, Code of Ethical Conduct in the case study, Hullaballoo.com parent firm has created a database that receive required data from its surroundings. This database is known as The Reaper. This new database system is quite helpful as it allow advertisers and marketers to conduct campaigns as per the requirement. Jimmy suggested his boss that his database is not safe for the people across the globe as it stores important information. Any hacker can demand a ransom against this information. This is a legal factor as per the federal Privacy Act 1988of Australia. Professional factors Factor 4, Misconduct in the following case study, Jimmy who is an IT graduate from Griffith University suggested his boss that The Reaper is not a good idea. Jimmy refuses to work on the terms and condition of his boss from Hullaballo.com. This is a professional factor as per the sections 68 and 69 of the Legal Practitioners Act 1981 of Australia. Factor 5, Freedom in Workplace in the case study, Jimmy is abandoned from placing his thought in the organization like Hullaballoo.com. Jimmy suggested his boss that the information entered by the user might help the organisation in offering deals and offers to them. His boss did not agree with him. This is a professional factor as per the Workplace RelationsAct1996of Australia. Factor 6, Conflict in the case study, after getting a job in an ecommerce firm Jimmy has a conflict with his boss Alec. The issue was judging the performance of a developer name Dev A. This is a professional factor as he has a conflict with his boss. Employment and Social factors Factor 6, Work experience in the following case study, Jimmy work experience from the reaper data collection project has qualified him for the job in the new ecommerce firm. This is an employment factor because Jimmy is connected to the notorious reaper incident. Factor 7, Getting ahead in the case study, Jimmy has a conflict with his previous boss from online news firm. After that, he left the firm and joined a full- time position in an ecommerce firm located in his home city. This is an employment factor as he left one firm and joined another. Factor 8, Stepping out of comfort zone, in the new ecommerce firm Jimmy decided to prove his worth by taking the place of his boss Alec until and unless the director of the organization has made a decision. This is a employment factor as the Jimmy took up the responsibility at right time. Factor 9, Hacking of database in the case study, The database named Reaper was hacked and downloaded which has 129 million records of people from 53 countries. After that ransom of 20,000 US Dollars is demanded by the hacker. This is a social factor as important information of thousands of people is on hold. Personal factors Factor 10, Securing his first job in the case study, Jimmy is a fresh graduate from the IT department of Griffith University. He applies for a job, after seeing an advertisement for an web developer in newspaper. Finally jimmy gets a job . The pay is quite enough for a 25 hour per week job. Intrinsic factors Factor 11, Co-developer in the case study, Jimmy notices two of this developer (Dev A and Dev B) were not competent to perform the work. Dev A of this ecommerce still works for the previous firm and is only a paid contractor here. Dev B a new arrival from overseas is technically sound on the contrary he is facing problem in settling in the new environment. This is a intrinsic factor because Jimmys own experience helped has helped him to judge the performance of the developers. Factor 12, Payback time in the case study, Jimmy is offered a job by senior developer manager Ben to work for him. Alec took revenge by cancelling his job interview. This is an intrinsic factor as Alec took revenge and it is his payback time now. Prioritisation Factor 13, Stepping up in critical situation in the case study, after the sudden leave of his boss Alec, Jimmy decided to took up the responsibility of his boss on his own shoulder. This is a prioritisation factor as Jimmy took up responsibility to satisfy the need of the organisation. Factor Related Issue 1 Unethical News (Legal) The term native advertisement is practiced by the firm to make profit for some companies who buy advertisement for them. 2 Confidentiality (Legal) Digging into the background of online news business website like Hullaballo.com. 3 Privacy (Legal) Digging into the background of online news business website like Hullaballo.com. 4 Code of Ethical Conduct (Legal) Jimmy is connected to the notorious incident like Reaper as reported in the news. 5 Misconduct (Professional and social factor) When Jimmy rejected to work on the terms and condition of the boss from hullaballo.com. 6 Work Experience (Employment Social) Jimmys work experience from reaper is highly valuable for the forthcoming ecommerce firm . 7 Hacking of database ( Professional and social Factor) Reaper database is hacked and downloaded by a hacker and a ransom of 20,000 US dollar is demanded. 8 Freedom in Workplace (Professional and social factor) Jimmy freedom is abandoned from placing his thought in front of his boss from news firm. 9 Get ahead (Employment and social factor) Jimmy has a conflict with his boss so he left the firm and joined an ecommerce company. 10 Securing his first job (personal factor) Jimmy is successful in securing a job where the pays was good . 11 Better Work place ( Employment and social Factor) The ecommerce gave him a full time position with work location varying from main office to various client sites. 12 Stepping out of comfort ( Employment and social Factor) After the sudden leave of Alec, Jimmy decided to prove his worth by stepping into his boss position. 13 Co-developer (Intrinsic factor) Both dev A and B developer of this ecommerce firm are not competent to perform the work assign to them. 14 Conflict ( professional and social factor) Jimmy has a conflict with his former boss Alec on the performance review of Dev A. 15 Payback Time (Intrinsic factor) A new job is offered to jimmy by Ben (a senior manager) later on it is cancelled by Alec to take a revenge. 16 Expensive meal (Intrinsic factor) During his new job at a competitor firm he was offered an expensive dinner by the CEO. 17 Stepping up in critical Situation (Prioritisation) After the sudden leave of his boss Alec, Jimmy took up the responsibility of the firm. Decision Decision taken by Jimmy like leaving the online news firm and joining an ecommerce firm is excellent on his part. This decision helped Jimmy in securing a successful future where he is promoted from a web developer to team leader. Jimmy decides to check the background of Hullaballo.com before joining it. It helped him getting in a brief idea about the working of the organization. After completing several months in the ecommerce , his boss Alec suddenly left the organization without any explanation. Jimmy then decides to prove his worth by stepping on his boss position and taking the full responsibility of the ongoing projects. This is a wonderful decision on his part as it saved the ecommerce organization from a huge loss. Jimmy do not wait for the approval of his directors from the ecommerce firm. In this new ecommerce firm Jimmy decided to replace two developers named Dev A and dev B as they are not adjustable with the work. Dev B is technically sound but is facing difficulties in setting in new environment. After having several months of conflict between Dev A and Jimmy on the matter of work performance, Jimmy decided to replace Dev A with someone better. Discussion Some news companies like Hullaballoo.com use the term native advertisement to gain profit for some organization. Spreading unethical news among the public is a legal factor. Digging into the background of the online business is a legal factor as it compromises with the privacy and confidentiality of the firm. Jimmy has been connected to a notorious incident like reaper which is a matter of ethical conduct. Due to this incident, Jimmys image is spoiled in front of the whole industry. Jimmys experience from the reaper database is highly valuable for the forth coming ecommerce firm. This is an employment factor as it is related to the work experience. Jimmys freedom has been chopped as he is detained from placing his thoughts in front of his boss. This is a professional and social factor as his freedom in workplace is compromised. The new ecommerce gave Jimmy a full time position with varying work location. During the absence of his boss Alec, Jimmy took his boss position in this way his worth in the organization is proved. Getting ahead in career life is a professional and social factor. Jimmy has a conflict with his former boss from the news firm and after that he decided to leave it and join an ecommerce firm. This is an employment factor as he got a better job than the previous one. Both Dev A and Dev B developer of this ecommerce firm are not capable of working with the task provided to them. This is an intrinsic factor as the capability of both the developers are judged. During Jimmys new job in the new ecommerce firm he has been offered an expensive dinner by the CEO. In the new ecommerce firm after the sudden leave of his boss Alec, Jimmy decided to take up the responsibility of the firm. This is a prioritization factor as he gave priority to work over everything. All the factors like professional, Employment and social, personal and intrinsic factor has been discussed. Conclusions on Analysis From this discussion it is concluded that in business domain, making money is on the top. In this case study Jimmy Olsen a recent IT graduate from Griffith University gets a job of web-developer in an online news firm. The pay was quite good for him. This company has created an online database known as the Reaper. Intention behind the creation of this database was to store demographic information of various people. This information is again used by advertisers and marketers to conduct campaigns in different zones for their promotion and making money. In the same the database is hacked by a hacker and a ransom of 20,000 US dollars is demanded against the vital information. Leaving the news company is a smart decision of Jimmys part. After that he joined an ecommerce firm where he had a conflict with boss Alec. Due to this conflict, certain company projects are hampered. After that he joined a competitor firm where he is treated very well by the CEO. He is offered an expensive meal with fine wine. The main intention behind the party is to informal business with senior businessman and government official in an armchair. Jimmy could not escape from his boss Alec, he followed Jimmy till the new firm. What I have learned from this course From the course it can be stated that in business world making money is on top of the priority list. Ethics comes after money in the business domain. In this case study Jimmy Olsen the IT graduate from the Griffith University wants a job in his domain. Fortunately he gets a job as a web-developer in an online business firm. This online news firm promotes the concept of native advertising. Hullaballoo is paid to spread positive news for the client and negative news for the competitors of the client. The term native advertising focuses an advertisement as a news story for driving attention of the crowd. Native advertising is used to attract the attention of people who uses ad blockers on their web browser. Now Hullabaloo has the intention of creating an integrated database that receives demographic information from all across the globe. The database is known as The Reaper. The collected information is very useful as well as valuable as it allow businessman from various domain to conduct high campaigns. Jimmy has the work of attracting more people on the website. The sign up form of the news firm ask more detail information of user. Apart from email id it also ask for age, gender, marital status, family members, post card and annual income. On the website the subscription cannot proceed until and unless all the detail information of the user are provided. This online database The reaper is not fully secure as the news firm has the right to sell information to third parties. Jimmy suggested his boss that the entered information can be used to offer deals to various people. Jimmy had a conflict with his boss on this topic. From this incident I have learned that boss is boss, the employees cannot disobey the orders of boss. Placing ones thoughts and ideas over the orders of boss might result in losing his job. Jimmy worked on the terms and condition of his boss which helped in surviving his job in the organization. Now comes the globe impact of the decision taken by an organization. The Reaper database was hacked by a hacker. After that a ransom equating to 20,000 dollars is demanded against the database. The future security professional must understand the need various legal and ethical responsibilities of an organizations. The professionals play a key role in managing liabilities like security and privacy risk for different organization. To minimize liability and reduce risk like Reaper incident in this case study from various threats, professional must have an idea about the present condition of various laws and regulation. It is the duty of the professionals to teach the employees of various organization about their legal and ethical rights. In an organization, the IT experts help to build security through various policies. There are certain policies and guidelines that describe acceptable and unacceptable employee behaviour in an organization. Care should be taken that these policies functioning as law must implemented on everyone on the workplace. Privacy is one of the important and hot matter of discussion in information technology. Nowadays many firms are storing and selling valuable information for money .People from all across the globe are depending on government for protecting their privacy. The Privacy of Customer Information Section of the common carrier regulation states that any important information can be used to provide services, on the contrary these information cannot be used for marketing purpose. The business firm cannot disclose personal information to anyone until and unless it is important for providing their services. A business firm can only disclose the information only when it is necessary for them. IT professional must understand that business firms do business globally. As a result these professional must be aware of laws and ethical values of different culture and society. Because of difference in political views among various countries there are certain international laws which govern the privacy and information security. Ethics in computer world are mainly affected by many factors expect from nationality. Employees must be trained and they must be aware of the recent and emerging topics related to information technology. This topic is vital in information technology as many employees are not aware of the various technical training used to judge whether the behaviour. Proper training must be provided to employees for building a well prepared and low risk system user. Codes of Ethics: Each member of Professional organization is expected to follow the codes of conduct or codes of ethics. Many employers do not encourage or initiate their employees to take part in these professional firms. Many employees who have gained certain certification and expert accreditation can lose their accreditation and certification if they disobey the codes of conduct. Loss of certification or accreditation will ultimately effect the marketability and earning of the employees. It is the duty of IT professional to follow the policies and procedure of the organization. The organizations must follow the different laws of society. From this course I have learnt about the International Information systems security certification consortium that mainly focuses on its working. (ISC)2 is a body of knowledge and information security which conduct examination for information security. The code of Ethics designed by (ISC)2 is mainly used by information security experts. System Administration, network security and security institute is another organization which is a professional research and education cooperative organization with lot of members. All these members have certain certification and value that follow the codes of ethics. Certification holders may lose their certification if they are disobey the laws. Information System Audit and Control Association is professional body which mainly focuses on auditing, control, and security of various organization. Its membership is open to both technical and managerial professional. It has certain codes of ethics, which must be followed by its professionals. Information s ystem security Association(ISSA) is a non-profit body of information security which has a primary function of bringing technical sound professional for education development. The working principle of various international bodies has been discussed in the above paragraph.

Is Psychology A Science Essays - Psychology, Behavioural Sciences

Is Psychology a Science? In order to answer this question it is important to understand the definitions of both psychology and science. The word 'psychology' comes from the Greek 'psyche' (or soul) and 'logos' (or study), which came to be known as the 'study of the soul'. The American Heritage Dictionary defines psychology as: 1. the science dealing with the mind and with mental and emotional processes 2. the science of human and animal behavior. In its pure definition the dictionary has provided us with a clue to the answer, it describes science as: 1. systematized knowledge derived from observation, study, etc. 2. a branch of knowledge, esp. one that systematizes facts, principles, and methods 3. skill or technique In order to prove this claim we have to look at whether or not psychology can fill this definition above. Scientific study is a valid way of coming to an understanding of life, and can be very useful in every area of life. Science develops theories based on what is observed. It examines each theory with rigorous and scrupulous tests to see if it describes reality. The scientific method works well in observing and recording physical data and in reaching conclusions which either confirm or nullify a theory. During the mid-19th century, scholars (although at that time probably termed philosophers) wanted to study human nature with the aim of applying the scientific method to observe, record, and treat human behavior that was deemed as unnatural. They believed that if people could be studied in a scientific manner, there would be a greater accuracy in understanding present behavior, in predicting future behavior, and, most controversially, in altering behavior through scientific intervention. There are many areas of psychology, each attempting to explain behavior from slightly different perspectives; Social psychology is concerned with the effects of social situations on human behavior. Personality theorists study individual behavior. Comparative psychologists study animal behaviors across the range of species Physiological psychologists are concerned with the biological basis of behavior. Developmental psychologists study principles and processes responsible for change throughout life. Cognitive psychologists investigate memory, thought, problem solving, and the psychological aspects of learning. Analysis of behavior studies the conditions under which a behavior can be learned and the situations that cause that behavior to occur. Learning is an area of psychology exploring how new behaviors are learned and maintained. Clinical psychologists study ways to help individuals and groups of individuals change their behavior. Industrial and organizational psychologists are concerned with the physical and social aspects of people's work environments as they affect work output. Community psychologists use scientific methods to study and solve social problems. As Western describes, the psychological paradigm is a collection of assumptions used to make sense of a subject area or experience, this can be applied to psychology itself. Psychology lacks one unified paradigm but has four perspectives that search for its understanding; The pyschodynamic perspective believes that behavior is a result of unconscious processes, personal motivation and early childhood experiences. It's most famous advocate was Sigmund Freud. Its method of data collection rely heavily on interpreting discussion, dreams and fantasies, actions, case studies and a limited amount of experimentation. The behaviorist perspective believes that behavior is learned and selected by environmental consequences. Its method of data collection relies heavily on experimentation conducted in the scientific laboratory where the factors studied can be controlled; or it may take place in a real life setting where more natural behavior is studied and far more variables exist. The cognitive perspective believes that behavior is a result of information processing, storage in the brain, transformation and the retrieval of information. The methods of data collection used are again experimentation but with much use of computer modeling. The evolutionary perspective believes that psychological processes echo the evolutionary processes of natural selection. Its method of data collection includes the deduction of explanations for behavior, and comparisons between species and cultures. It also involves a limited amount of experimentation. Of these four perspectives all lend common similarities to the traditional sciences. All have elements of controlled experimentation, as does physics or chemistry. Cognitive perspectives use computer modeling, as does mathematics. There are similarities, but there are also differences to any